不同资源的莲子形态多样性及其变异分析  

Morphological Diversity and Variation Analysis of Lotus Fruits from Different Sources

作　　者：罗佳琳 傅阳阳 刘青青 吴砚农 张文丽 郑福军 杨帆 王健 田代科 LUO Jiain;FU Yangyang;LIU Qingqing;WU Yannong;ZHANG Weni;ZHENG Fujun;YANG Fan;WANG Jian;TIAN Daike(Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan/College of Tropical Agriculuture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Chenshan Research Center,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden,Shanghai 201602,China;Xishuangbanna Baocui Xianglian Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Menghai,Yunnan 666212,China)

机构地区：[1]热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室/海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室/海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心辰山科研中心/上海辰山植物园,上海201602 [3]西双版纳宝翠香莲生物科技有限公司,云南勐海666212

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第3期597-610,共14页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省专家工作站(No.WKT066)。

摘　　要：为了解不同资源的莲子形态多样性及变异程度,以81份来自不同地点的成熟干莲子(包括59个野生居群,15个栽培居群,7个子莲品种)为材料进行形态学测量分析和系统聚类分析。结果表明:(1)81份莲子资源形态变异幅度大。其中纵径变化幅度为12.03~19.58 mm,横径变化幅度为7.93~15.72 mm,纵横径比变化幅度为1.01~1.97,单粒重变化幅度为0.41~2.26 g。(2)不同来源的莲子形态存在差异。美洲莲莲子平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为13.97 mm、11.98 mm、1.17、1.13 g;野生(型)亚洲莲莲子平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为16.52 mm、10.51 mm、1.58、0.98 g;15个栽培亚洲莲居群平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为15.81 mm、11.18 mm、1.42、1.07 g;7个子莲品种平均纵径、横径、纵横径比与单粒重分别为16.71 mm、13.20 mm、1.27、1.53 g。(3)相关性分析表明,莲子单粒重与纵径、横径呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与纵横径比呈显著负相关(P<0.05),但不同居群来源存在差异。经纬度与美洲莲莲子形态指标相关性均不显著;经度与亚洲莲莲子纵径和纵横径比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与横径和单粒重呈负相关,但相关性不显著;纬度与亚洲莲莲子纵径呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与纵横径比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与横径呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与单粒重呈负相关,但相关性不显著。(4)莲子形态的系统聚类分析表明,59份野生莲莲子材料可分为2~5个分支。所有的美洲莲和泰国清迈居群莲子聚为一类,剩余的亚洲莲聚为一类。(5)不同年份采摘的莲子形态指标存在差异。研究结果为莲资源保护和辅助鉴定、种质创新、莲子生产等提供科学依据。To understand the morphological diversity and degree of variation in lotus fruits from various sources,81 dried mature lotus fruits were collected from different locations(including 59 wild populations,15 cultivated popula-tions,and 7 lotus cultivars)for morphometric measurements and systematic clustering analysis.There was substantial morphological variation among 81 accessions of lotus fruits.The longitudinal diameter ranged from 12.03 mm to 19.58 mm,the transverse diameter varied from 7.93 mm to 15.72 mm,the aspect ratio spanned from 1.01 to 1.97,and single grain weight fluctuated from 0.41 mm to 2.26 g.The morphology of lotus fruits from different sources was dif-ferent.The average longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio,and grain weight of American lotus fruits was 13.97 mm,11.98 mm,1.17 and 1.13 g,respectively.For wild Asian lotus fruits,the values was 16.52 mm,10.51 mm,1.58 and 0.98 g,respectively.For the 15 cultivated Asian lotus populations,the average val-ues was 15.81 mm,11.18 mm,1.42 and 1.07 g,respectively.For the 7 fruit lotus varieties,the average values was 16.71 mm,13.20 mm,1.27 and 1.53 g,respectively.The correlation analysis showed that the single fruit weight of lotus fruit was positively correlated with the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with the ratio of transverse diameter(P<0.05),but there were differences among different population sources.There was no significant correlation between longitude and latitude and morphological indexes of lotus fruits.The longitude was positively correlated with the ratio of longitudinal diameter and longitudinal diameter(P<0.01),but negatively corre-lated with transverse diameter and single grain weight(P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between latitude and longitudinal diameter(P<0.05),a very significantly positive correlation between latitude and longitudinal diameter ratio(P<0.01),a significantly negative correlation between latitude and transverse

关 键 词：莲子 种质资源 形态性状 变异 

分 类 号：S326[农业科学—作物遗传育种]