木薯新品种桂薯1505的选育及栽培技术  

Breeding and Cultivation of a New Cassava Cultivar Gui 1505

作　　者：梁振华 陈会鲜 李恒锐 韦婉羚 黄珍玲 阮丽霞 何文 兰秀 杨海霞 LIANG Zhenhua;CHEN Huixian;LI Hengrui;WEI Waning;HUANG Zhening;RUAN Lixia;HE Wen;LAN Xiu;YANG Haixia(Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532415,China)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西崇左532415

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第3期629-637,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2023YFD1000601-04);广西农科院基本科研业务费专项(桂农科2022YM36);广西农科院稳定资助科研团队项目(桂农科2021YT157)。

摘　　要：为选育株型好、高产、高淀粉、广适性等综合性状优良的木薯新品种,本研究以高产品种新选048为母本,通过杂交获得F1优良单株的无性系后代,后经播种育苗、大田移栽、单株评选、单排试验、系比试验、区域性试验、生产性试验等一系列系统选育程序,育成了具有高产、高淀粉、低氢氰酸、适应性强等特点的鲜食及加工兼用型木薯新品种桂薯1505。该品种主要特征为株型直立,成熟种茎外皮为灰白色,内表皮为绿色;块根呈无规则集中分布,薯形为圆柱-圆锥形,块根外表皮呈淡褐色,内表皮呈浅红色,块根肉质白色。桂薯1505在区域性试验和生产性试验中平均鲜薯产量分别达到46.68、49.69t/hm^(2),均高于对照NZ199;块根淀粉含量稳定在29.05%以上;鲜薯平均氢氰酸含量为20~30mg/kg,低于对照;抗螨性田间鉴定结果为中抗。适合在广西、广东和云南等木薯主产区推广种植,本研究为我国实现木薯良种化生产提供新的种质资源,对促进薯农增收、企业增效具有重要意义。The high-yield variety XX 048 was used as the maternal parent,and the asexual offspring of F1 excellent sin-gle plants through open pollination and hybridization was obtained to select a new variety of cassava with good plant type,high yield,high starch,and wide adaptability.After a series of systematic breeding procedures such as sowing and seedling cultivation,field transplantation,single plant selection,single row experiment,line ratio experiment,regional experiment,and production experiment,a new cassava variety Gui 1505 with high yield,high starch,low hydrogen cyanide,and strong adaptability for both fresh food and processing was developed.The variety is an upright plant type,with mature stem outer skin being gray white and inner skin being green.The tubers are distributed irregularly and concentrated,with a cylindrical conical shape.The outer skin of the tubers is light brown,the inner skin is light red,and the flesh of the tubers is white.The average fresh potato yield of Gui 1505 in regional and production trials reached 46.68 t/hm^(2) and 49.69 t/hm^(2),respectively,both higher than the control NZ199.The starch content of the root tuber was more than 29.05%.The average hydrogen cyanide content in fresh potatoes was 20‒30 mg/kg,which is lower than the control.The field identification result of mite resistance is moderate.It is suitable for planting in major cassava pro-ducing areas such as Guangxi,Guangdong,and Yunnan.This study provides new germplasm resources for China to achieve high-quality cassava production,which is of great significance for promoting potato farmers'income and enter-prise efficiency.

关 键 词：木薯 桂薯1505 品种选育 栽培 高产高淀粉 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]