甘蔗及其近缘种质斑茅和割手密不同生长角度根系分布及宿根性分析  

Analysis of Root Distribution at Different Growth Angles and Ra-tooning Characteristic in Sugarcane and Its Related Germplasms Erianthus arundinaceus and Saccharum spontaneum

作　　者：匡自有 刀静梅 杨绍林[1,2] 艾静 王禹童 张仲富 李如丹 邓军 赵勇[1,2] KUANG Ziyou;DAO Jingmei;YANG Shaoin;AI Jing;WANG Yutong;ZHANG Zhongfu;LIRudan;DENG Jun;ZHAO Yong(National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biological Breeding,Kunming,Yunnan 650205,China;Sugarcane Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement,Kaiyuan,Yunnan 661699,China;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu᾿er,Yunnan 665099,China)

机构地区：[1]热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,云南昆明650205 [2]云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所/云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,云南开远661699 [3]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665099

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第3期648-661,共14页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省基础研究专项面上项目(No.202201AT070285);中央引导地方科技发展项目(No.202307AD110002);国家糖料产业技术体系岗位科学家项目(No.CARS-170205)。

摘　　要：为探究甘蔗不同生长角度根系分布与甘蔗宿根性的关系,筛选出强宿根甘蔗根系的标志性指标。本研究以宿根性有差异的3个甘蔗品种云蔗08-1609(A)、云蔗05-51(B)、粤糖93-159(C)及强宿根性甘蔗近缘种质斑茅(D)、割手密(E)为材料,大田常规种植,连续测定一新一宿的根系形态。结果表明:强宿根性甘蔗品种新植伸长期根生物量和数量持续增加,在与竖直方向夹角0°~30°范围内最高,其次是30°~45°;宿根蔗的根生物量和数量较新植蔗明显增加,品种A和B根生物量和数量分布在30°~45°范围内最高,品种C则在45°~65°范围内最高。强宿根性近缘种斑茅、割手密根生物量不论新植还是宿根均远高于甘蔗品种,而根数量则是割手密最多,斑茅根数量与甘蔗品种接近,二者新植在0°~30°范围内根生物量最大;斑茅宿根在3个角度的根数量分布相近,割手密宿根则在30°~45°和45°~65°范围内分布相近。品种A在0°~30°范围内新植伸长后期根数量占比最高(46.43%),其次是在30°~45°范围内宿根伸长后期(42.74%)。割手密和斑茅根数量占比在0°~30°范围内新植伸长期最高,其次是45°~65°宿根伸长期。与宿根能力相关排名前5的指标分别是新植与竖直方向呈0°~30°夹角范围内的根系表面积、根系体积、根长、根鲜质量以及总根数量。在研究甘蔗宿根能力时可参考新植材料与竖直方向夹角0°~30°范围内的根系指标,该角度根鲜质量可作为初步筛选宿根性的关键指标。另外,若无横走茎则可通过宿根与新植的平均单条根鲜质量比值进行宿根性判定。The study was aimed to explore the relationship between the root distribution at different growth angles and the ratooning ability in sugarcane,and to screen the iconic root indexes of strong ratooning in sugarcane.Three sugar-cane varieties with different ratooning ability,Yunzhe 08-1609(A),Yunzhe 05-51(B),Yuetang 93-159(C)and strong ratooning sugarcane germplasm Erianthus arundinaceus(D)and Saccharum spontaneum(E),were used as the materials.The root morphology of plant and ratoon crops was continuously measured under the conditions of conventional plant-ing in field.The root biomass and quantity of sugarcane varieties with strong ratoon ability increased continuously dur-ing elongation stage of plant crop,and the highest was in the angle range 0°-30°from the vertical direction,followed by that of 30°-45°.The root biomass and numbers in ratoon crop were significantly higher than those in plant crop.The root biomass and numbers in varieties A and B were the highest in the angle range 30°-45°,and that in variety C was the highest in 45°-65°.The root biomass in E.arundinaceus and S.spontaneum was much higher than that in sugarcane varieties in both plant and ratoon crops,the root number in S.spontaneum was the largest while that in E.arundinaceus was close to that in sugarcane varieties.The root biomass of the two wild germplasm materials in plant crop was the highest in the angle range of 0°-30°,while in ratoon crop,the root number distribution in E.arundinaceus was similar at three angle ranges,and of whitch in S.spontaneum was similar in the ranges of 30°-45°and 45°-65°.The root number in variety A was the highest(46.43%)in the angle range of 0°-30°at late elongation stage of plant crop,followed by the range of 30°-45°(42.74%)at late elongation stage of ratoon crop.The root number proportion of S.spontaneum and E.arundinaceus was the highest in the range of 0°-30°at elongation stage of plant crop,followed by the range 45°-65°at elongation stage of ratoon crop.The top five indicators correla

关 键 词：甘蔗 宿根性 生长角度 根鲜质量 根系生物量 根数量 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]