不同配比育苗基质对樱桃番茄砧木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响  

Effects of Different Ratios of Seedling Substrates on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cherry Tomato Rootstock Seedlings

作　　者：冯鸿瑜 王静 廖道龙[1] 尤志聪 伍壮生[1] FENG Hongyu;WANG Jing;LIAO Daoong;YOU Zhicong;WU Zhuangsheng(Vegetable Research Institute,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Melon and Vegetable Breeding/Hainan Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/农业农村部热带果蔬遗传资源评价利用重点实验室(部省共建)/海南省瓜菜育种工程技术研究中心/海南省蔬菜生物学重点实验室,海南海口571100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第3期675-687,共13页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(No.ZDKJ2021005);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(No.CARS-23-G55);海南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(No.HAAS2023TDYD04)。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜海南樱桃番茄砧木育苗的基质配方,本研究以海茄砧1号为试材,将发酵好的牛粪、椰糠和商品育苗基质按不同体积比配制成8种基质配方,以商品育苗基质为对照(CK),研究不同育苗基质的理化性状及其对砧木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:添加椰糠、牛粪的育苗基质容重和通气孔隙度均低于CK,而总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、pH和电导率(EC)均高于CK;各处理的养分含量基本上高于CK,且达到极显著差异。各处理的出苗率均超过90%,除T_(8)外均极显著高于CK。随着幼苗生长期的延长,株高和茎粗也随着增大,且不同处理间存在较大差异,其中,T_(2)和T_(4)处理优于其他处理。同时,添加椰糠、牛粪的育苗基质(除T_(5)、T_(6)外),还可提高砧木幼苗全株干鲜质量、地上部、地下部干质量和壮苗指数,以T_(4)处理最好,壮苗指数达到0.106,显著高于CK,较CK提高36.05%。与CK相比,不同育苗基质对幼苗主根长影响不大,可促进根平均直径、根表面积和根体积的提高,但根系活力却极显著降低。经主成分综合评价依次为T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(6)>T_(7)>T_(5)>T_(8)>T_(1)>CK。综上所述,T_(4)处理对海茄砧1号的育苗效果最好。The study was aimed to select suitable substrate formulations for seedling of Hainan cherry tomato rootstocks.Variety Haiqiezhen No.1 was used,and fermented cow dung,coconut husk,and commercial seedling substrate were made into eight substrate formulations according to different volume ratios,and commercial seedling substrate was used as the control(CK).The physicochemical properties of different seedling substrates and the effects on the growth and physiological characteristics of rootstock seedlings were investigated.The bulk density and aeration porosity of the seedling substrates with coconut busk and cow dung were lower than that of CK,while the total porosity,water-holding porosity,pH and EC were higher than that of CK.The nutrient contents of the treatments were basically higher than that of CK,and the differences reached a highly significant level.The emergence rate of each treatment was more than 90%,which was highly significantly higher than that of CK(except T_(8)).With the prolongation of seedling growth period,the plant height and stem diameter also increased,and there were large differences among different treatments.T_(2) and T_(4) were better than other treatments.Fresh and dry weight of the whole plant,above-ground and below-ground dry weights,and strong seedling index also increased with the addition of coconut busk and cow dung(except T_(5) and T_(6)).The best treatment was T_(4),and the strong seedling index reached 0.106,which was significantly higher than that of CK,and im-proved 36.05%compared with that of CK.Different seedling substrates had little effect on the main root length of seed-lings,which could promote the increase of average root diameter,root surface area and root volume,but the root vigour was extremely significantly lower than that of CK.The comprehensive evaluation of principal components was T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(6)>T_(7)>T_(5)>T_(8)>T_(1)>CK.In summary,T_(4) had optimum formula on Haiqiezhen No.1.

关 键 词：育苗基质 砧木 幼苗生长 生理特性 综合评价 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]