不同提取方法对番石榴叶有效成分、抗氧化及α-糖苷酶抑制活性的影响  

Effects of Extraction Methods on Effective Constituents,Antioxidant Activities,α-glycosidase Inhibition of Guava Leaves

作　　者：罗朝丹 王秋菊 李建强[1] 冯春梅[1,2] 任二芳 黄燕婷[1] 宁琳 罗小杰[1] LUO Chaodan;WANG Qiuju;LI Jianqiang;FENG Chunmei;REN Erfang;HUANG Yanting;NING Lin;LUO Xiaojie(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute/Guangxi Subtropical Fruits Processing Research Center of Engineering Technology,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruits,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;Guilin Risheng Food Co.,Ltd.,Guilin,Guangxi 541300,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所/广西亚热带水果加工工程技术研究中心,广西南宁530001 [2]广西亚热带特色水果质量安全控制重点实验室,广西南宁530001 [3]桂林日盛食品有限责任公司,广西桂林541300

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2025年第3期705-715,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2022JM92);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2025YP140,桂农科2021YT144)

摘　　要：为了联合评价浸渍法、热回流法、超声辅助乙醇和超声辅助低共溶试剂法(UADEE)对番石榴叶的提取效果,通过扫描电镜观察番石榴叶样品的显微结构,以香草醛-冰醋酸比色法、NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))3比色法、福林酚法分别测定番石榴叶提取液的总皂苷、总黄酮、总酚含量,采用HPLC法测定番石榴叶中黄酮单体的含量,LC-MS法分析其代谢物,并评估其抗氧化与α-糖苷酶抑制活性。结果表明:UADEE对番石榴叶细胞内部结构的破坏性最强,样品总皂苷、总黄酮与总酚含量分别为79.28、80.51、120.52mg/g,黄酮成分番石榴苷、萹蓄苷、瑞诺苷含量分别为7.96、7.74、3.99mg/g,显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);UADEE处理组中黄酮类、三萜类、酚类成分在番石榴叶总代谢物中分别占9.830%、27.267%、1.013%。UADEE组样品清除DPPH自由基的IC_(50)值和抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC_(50)值分别为45.18、904.67μg/mL,活性显著强于其他3组(P<0.05)。本研究结果为番石榴叶有效成分的高效提取及其加工产品的开发提供实验依据。Guava leaf(Psidium guajava Linn.)is a common folk medicine in China.Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed its remarkable antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities,which has broad prospects in the development of natural antioxidants and hypoglycemic agents.The release of non-volatile active components of plants or herbs were greatly affected by extraction ways.The extraction effects on guava leaves of macerated extraction(ME),heat reflux extraction(HRE),ultrasound-assisted alcohol extraction(UAAE)and ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents extrac-tion(UADEE),microstructure were evaluated.The content of total saponins,total flavonoids,total phenols in the ex-tract was respectively determined by vanillin-glacial acetic acid colorimetric method,NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))3 colorimetric method and folin phenol method.The content of flavonoid components was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer(LC-MS).In vitro antioxidant activity andα-glycosidase inhibitory ability of the extract were also evaluated.In UADEE group,internal structure of guava leaves was most completely damaged,the content of total saponins,total flavonoids,total phenols and guaijaverin,avicularin,reynoutrin was respectively determined to be 79.28 mg/g,80.51 mg/g,120.52 mg/g,7.96 mg/g,7.74 mg/g and 3.99 mg/g,which significantly higher than those of the other three groups(P<0.05).Flavon-oids,triterpenoids and phenols accounted for 9.830%,27.267%and 1.013%of all metabolites in the extract,respectively.The IC_(50) value of scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radicals and inhibitingα-glycosidase in UADEE group was 45.18μg/mL and 904.67μg/mL,respectively,significantly superior than those of the other three groups(P<0.05).In summary,UADEE has the best effect on the extraction of active components in the extract,attributed to the mechanical and chemical effects of ultrasound and the polarity tunability and solubilization of solvents.The results would pro

关 键 词：番石榴叶 超声辅助低共熔溶剂法 有效成分 DPPH自由基清除率 α-糖苷酶抑制活性 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]