氮素在农田土壤中迁移转化的研究进展  

Research progress of nitrogen transport and transformation in farmland soils

作　　者：冯冰聪 马杰 刘勇 张潇雨 陈雅丽 翁莉萍 FENG Bingcong;MA Jie;LIU Yong;ZHANG Xiaoyu;CHEN Yali;WENG Liping(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety,Tianjin 300191,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所/农业农村部农产品质量安全环境因子控制重点实验室,天津300191 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2025年第2期277-287,共11页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700904);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42377409);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目。

摘　　要：土壤氮素流失对土壤生产力、地下水环境以及氮素整体循环造成巨大影响,这些流失的氮素形态主要包括铵态氮、硝态氮和可溶性有机氮,由于氮素形态易转化且土壤环境因素繁杂,氮素迁移过程的研究结果存在争议。本文总结了近10年国内外研究中土壤氮素迁移淋失、转化淋失的机制,以及迁移过程的影响因素。结果表明:农业措施、作物类型、气候是影响氮素迁移的主要宏观因素;土壤阳离子交换量、pH、有机质、土壤黏土矿物、铁锰氧化物为主要微观影响因素;土壤硝化-反硝化、同化、矿化相关微生物和酶调控氮素转化间接影响氮素迁移。通过对不同地区、不同氮素形态和不同土壤条件中的氮素迁移特征的比较,发现氮素迁移的主要驱动因素仍然模糊,因素间相互作用的效应对氮素迁移的影响也存在研究空白。本文对土壤氮素迁移转化的机制进行探讨、总结,可为改善氮肥管理方案提供参考。The loss of soil nitrogen significantly affects soil productivity,groundwater quality,and the overall nitrogen balance.The primary forms of nitrogen leaching are ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and soluble organic nitrogen.Owing to the ease of transformation of nitrogen forms and the complexity of soil environmental factors,research results on nitrogen transport processes are controversial.In this review,we summarized the mechanisms of soil nitrogen migration and leaching,transformation and leaching,and the migration process influencing factors.The results showed that agricultural practices,crop types,and climate were the main macro factors affecting nitrogen transfer.Additionally,soil cation exchange capacity,pH,organic matter,soil clay minerals,and Fe-Mn oxides were the main micro factors.Moreover,soil microorganisms and enzymes related to nitrification,denitrification,assimilation,and mineralization regulate nitrogen transformation,which indirectly affects nitrogen migration.By comparing the characteristics of N migration in different regions,different N forms,and different soil conditions,it was found that the main driving factors of N migration were still obscure,and there was also a research gap in the correlation effects between factors on N migration.Studying the transport and fate of soil nitrogen is the basis for tailoring nitrogen management measures to local conditions.This comprehensive exploration of the leaching mechanisms of soil nitrogen transport and transformation provides a theoretical background for improving nitrogen fertilizer management strategies and promoting the sustainable development of agricultural ecological environment.

关 键 词：土壤氮素 迁移 淋失 形态 氮循环 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52[农业科学—肥料学] S143.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]