一次性施氮对夏玉米产量、养分积累动态及光温生理特性的影响  

Effects of one-off nitrogen application on yield,nutrient accumulation dynamics,and light-temperature physiological characteristics of summer maize

作　　者：张潇 李岚涛 杨启睿 苗玉红[1] 刘志强 王宜伦[1] ZHANG Xiao;LI Lantao;YANG Qirui;MIAO Yuhong;LIU Zhiqiang;WANG Yilun(College of Resource and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2025年第2期360-368,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家“十四五”重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901001);河南省科技攻关项目(232102111119)。

摘　　要：为探究包膜尿素与普通尿素1∶1配施下氮肥用量对豫北夏玉米产量、养分积累动态及光温生理特性的影响,本研究于2021—2022年在河南省温县进行田间试验,研究了包膜尿素与普通尿素1∶1配施下0(N0)、70(N70)、140(N140)、210 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2)10)和280 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2)80)5个处理对夏玉米叶片SPAD值、冠层光合有效辐射分量(FPAR)、冠层温度、酶活性、氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:两年施氮分别显著提高夏玉米产量8.1%~16.1%和24.3%~32.2%,N140、N_(2)10处理产量较高,均与N_(2)80处理无显著差异,经济最佳施氮量分别为190 kg·hm^(-2)和164 kg·hm^(-2);N140、N_(2)10处理氮素吸收总量和最大积累速率分别较N0处理提高17.1%、21.1%和26.3%、33.3%,最大积累速率出现时间可提前3~6 d;N140、N_(2)10处理可有效提高夏玉米叶片SPAD值和冠层FPAR值,降低冠层温度,提升谷氨酸合成酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性。综上,一次性施氮140、210 kg·hm^(-2)可促进夏玉米生长发育和氮素吸收,增强各生育时期光温生理特性和酶活性,显著提高夏玉米产量;结合经济最佳施氮量和“减投不减产”策略,包膜尿素与普通尿素1∶1配施下一次性施氮164~190 kg·hm^(-2)是豫北夏玉米适宜的氮肥管理策略。To provide a basis for scientific nitrogen application,the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates applied with coated and normal urea at a 1∶1 ratio on the yield,nutrient accumulation dynamics,and photo-thermal physiological characteristics of summer maize in northern Henan were studied.Field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons(2021—2022)in Wen County,Henan Province,China.The effects of five treatments of 0(N0),70(N70),140(N140),210 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2)10)and 280 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2)80)on SPAD value,canopy photosynthetic active radiation(FPAR),canopy temperature,enzyme activity,nitrogen absorption and utilization of summer maize were studied.Results showed that two-year nitrogen application significantly increased summer maize yield by 8.1%-16.1%and 24.3%-32.2%,respectively.The yield was higher when the nitrogen application rate was obtained at N140 and N_(2)10 treatments,and there was no significant difference with the N_(2)80 treatment.The optimal economic nitrogen rates were 190 kg·hm^(-2) and 164 kg·hm^(-2).Logistic equation fitting showed that the total nitrogen uptake and maximum accumulation rate of N140 and N_(2)10 treatments increased by 17.1%,21.1%and 26.3%,33.3%,respectively.The maximum rate occurrence could also be shortened by 3–6 days.Moreover,the N140 and N_(2)10 treatments could also effectively improve the leaf SPAD value and canopy FPAR value,reduce canopy temperature,and increase the activities of glutamate synthase and glutamine synthase.Therefore,the one-time nitrogen application rate of 140 and 210 kg·hm^(-2) can promote the growth and nitrogen absorption of summer maize,enhance the physiological characteristics of light,temperature,and enzyme activity at each growth stage,and significantly increase the yield of summer maize.Combined with the best economic nitrogen application rate and the strategy of reducing investment without reducing production,the combined application of coated and common urea at a 1∶1 ratio and one-time nitrogen application of 164-190 kg�

关 键 词：夏玉米 产量 一次性施氮 光温生理特性 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]