秸秆纤维毯覆盖对葡萄园土壤理化性质、杂草防控及果实品质的影响  

Impact of straw fiber blanket mulching on soil properties,weed management,and grape quality in vineyards

作　　者：彭鵾 靳红梅[2] 孙恩惠[2,3,4] 陈国强 雍宬 GUEGUIM KANA E B 吴增游 刘歆颖 程洁红 曲萍[2] 黄红英[2] PENG Kun;JIN Hongmei;SUN Enhui;CHEN Guoqiang;YONG Cheng;GUEGUIM KANA E B;WU Zengyou;LIU Xinying;CHENG Jiehong;QU Ping*;HUANG Hongying(Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Key Laboratory For Crop and Animal Integrated Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;School of Life Sciences,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Scottsville 3209,South Africa;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China;Institute for Catalysis and Energy Solutions,University of South Africa,Johannesburg 0710,South Africa)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学农业工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]农业农村部种养结合重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心/江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014 [3]夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学生命科学学院,斯科茨维尔3209 [4]江苏理工学院资源与环境工程学院,江苏常州213001 [5]南非大学催化与能源研究所,约翰内斯堡0710

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2025年第2期430-438,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：农业农村部种养结合重点实验室开放课题(202301);江苏省农业科学院国际合作基金项目(050130002);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目[CX(23)1034]。

摘　　要：为探究不同碳氮比(C/N)水稻秸秆纤维毯覆盖对葡萄果实品质及土壤理化指标的影响,在葡萄园内实施秸秆纤维毯覆盖试验,共设置4个处理,包括覆盖C/N为25、35、65的秸秆纤维毯处理,以及不铺设秸秆纤维毯的对照(CK),研究其对土壤温湿度、养分以及葡萄果实品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,C/N为25、35和65的处理均能改善葡萄园土壤性质,且C/N为25的处理效果最好。铺设秸秆纤维毯的葡萄园土壤温度降低3.83%~13.23%,pH值增幅最高达5.02%,土壤湿度提高0.56~2.51个百分点,速效钾提高4.80%~32.68%,硝态氮提高29.80%~146.40%,且土壤有机碳含量也得到提升。覆盖秸秆纤维毯能有效控制设施葡萄园土壤杂草密度和生物量,生态控草效果达81.82%~90.91%。此外,秸秆纤维毯覆盖对提高葡萄果实品质具有积极作用,C/N为25、35和65处理的葡萄糖酸比较CK分别提高37.13%、21.57%和23.12%。秸秆纤维毯覆盖处理尤其是C/N为25的处理可以起到调控温度和保湿功效,且显著提高葡萄园土壤氮、磷、钾等养分含量,从而提高葡萄园土壤管理综合效益。研究表明,铺设秸秆纤维毯是一种优异的土壤保护和改良措施,可以改善葡萄的品质,秸秆纤维毯适合作为覆盖物铺设在设施葡萄园内。In this study,we investigated how rice straw fiber blanket mulching with varying carbon-to-nitrogen(C/N)ratios affects soil characteristics,weed control,and grape quality in a vineyard setting.In particular,we focused on four treatments:straw blankets with C/N ratios of 25,35,and 65 as well as a control group without mulching.We measured how these treatments impact soil temperature,moisture,pH,nutrient content,and grape quality.Our results indicated that mulching with straw blankets,particularly at a C/N ratio of 25,significantly enhanced soil properties compared with the control.Soil temperatures decreased by 3.83%to 13.23%and pH increased by 5.02%,while moisture,available potassium,and nitrate nitrogen content increased by 0.56 to 2.51 percentage points,4.80%to 32.68%,and 29.80%to 146.40%,respectively.Moreover,straw blanket laying increased soil organic carbon content.Mulching significantly reduced weed density and biomass,yielding an ecological weed control efficacy increase of 81.82%to 90.91%.In addition,straw blanket mulching positively affected grape fruit quality improvement.The gluconic acid ratio upon the C/N ratio of 25,35,and 65 treatments increased by 37.13%,21.57%,and 23.12%,respectively,compared with that upon the CK treatment.Mulching straw blankets,especially at a C/N ratio of 25 could regulate the temperature,exert a moisturizing effect,and significantly improve the soil nutrient(e.g.,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium)content in vineyard soil,thereby improving the comprehensive benefits of vineyard soil management and providing new technical approaches and theoretical support for straw resource utilization and sustainable grape industry development.

关 键 词：葡萄 秸秆纤维毯 土壤性质 杂草防控 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S153[农业科学—园艺学] S451