迎风航段帆翼攻角对摇帆推进效能的影响研究  

Research on the Effects of Sail Wing Angle of Attack on Propulsion Efficiency of Pumping during the Windward Leg

作　　者：蔺世杰 李方博 张伟伟[1] 郑伟涛[2] 马勇[2] LIN Shijie;LI Fangbo;ZHANG Weiwei;ZHENG Weitao;MA Yong(Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学,陕西西安710072 [2]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2025年第3期70-79,共10页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52271331);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(24YJCZH166);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2021M702675);武汉体育学院“东湖学者”计划(2023);武汉体育学院校级科研团队(21KT02);“十四五”湖北省高等学校优势特色学科(群)(鄂教研〔2021〕5号)。

摘　　要：目的:研究迎风航段操控帆翼攻角对摇帆推进效能的影响,为运动员在不同航速摇帆提供帆翼攻角操控的建议,助力运动员提升帆翼操控的效益。方法:采用验证后的计算流体力学方法,利用SST k-ω湍流模型计算不同攻角摇帆的帆翼气动力特征,从帆板运动实际出发,基于力学分析构建摇帆推进效能评价方法,对比研究攻角在5°~40°范围内迎风滑行以及频率1 Hz、幅度6°摇帆时帆翼的推进效率、推力系数等推进效能。结果:摇帆状态的升力系数周期均值均大于滑行状态。攻角为20°时升力系数均值最大,相比滑行状态摇帆增益最明显。攻角20°的推进效率较高且具有明显优势,但在超风速航行时推进效率呈现降低趋势;当航速达到1.5倍风速时,较小攻角的帆翼操控呈现较高的推进效率。结论:攻角对帆翼升、阻力特性具有决定性影响。在攻角增大过程时,帆翼周围的流动分离从顶端逐步发展至底端,摇帆未改变帆翼失速角。攻角大于20°时,摇帆对帆翼升、阻力系数有协同增强的效应;攻角为10°及以下时,摇帆对帆翼升、阻力系数有协同优化的作用,操控帆翼攻角能够改变帆翼的气动力系数并影响摇帆推进效能。运动员控制帆翼攻角对保持帆翼推进效能具有重要意义。Objective:To investigate the effects of controlling the sail wing angle of attack(AoA)on the propulsion efficiency of pumping during the windward leg,and to provide recommendations for athletes on AoA control under different speeds,thereby enhancing the effectiveness of sail control.Methods:A validated computational fluid dynamics(CFD)approach employing the SST k-ωturbulence model was utilized to calculate the aerodynamic forces of the sail wing under varying AoAs during pumping.Based on practical sailboard dynamics and mechanical analysis,a propulsion efficiency evaluation method was developed.Comparative studies were conducted on propulsion efficiency,thrust coefficient,and other performance metrics of sail wing with AoAs ranging from 5°to 40°during the windward leg planing and pumping(1 Hz frequency,6°amplitude).Results:The periodic average lift coefficient during pumping was consistently higher than that in planing states.The maximum lift coefficient occurred at a 20°AoA,where pumping provided the most significant gain compared to planing.A 20°AoA demonstrated higher pumping efficiency with notable advantages,though efficiency decreased during superspeed sailing.At 1.5 times wind speed,smaller AoAs yielded higher propulsion efficiency.Conclusions:The AoA critically influences the lift and drag characteristics of the sail wing.As AoA increases,flow separation around the sail progresses from the top to the bottom edge,with pumping not altering the stall angle.For AoAs above 20°,pumping exhibits a synergistic enhancement effect on both lift and drag,whereas at 10°or lower,pumping induces a synergistic optimization effect,characterized by increased lift generation coupled with reduced drag.Adjusting the AoA modifies aerodynamic coefficients of sail wing and affects propulsion efficiency of pumping,confirming the importance of AoA control by athletes to maintain optimal propulsion efficiency of the sail wing.

关 键 词：帆翼 攻角 摇帆 推进效能 数值模拟 

分 类 号：G861.7[文化科学—体育训练]