马克思有关生育率的理论研究及其带给我国的启示  

A Study of Marx’s Fertility Theory and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：王云多[1] Wang Yunduo(School of Economic and Business Management,Heilongjiang University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学经济与工商管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2025年第1期40-46,共7页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“生育率下降与预期寿命延长双重约束下养老保险制度可持续性研究”(16BRK016)、黑龙江省社会科学规划基金“人口老龄化与城市化双重约束下黑龙江省城乡居民养老保险待遇适度水平研究”(22RKB166)、黑龙江省人口经济与人才发展战略研究中心智库开放课题“城市化视角下提高黑龙江省生育率的战略研究”(ZKKF2022079)。

摘　　要：近年来,持续的低生育率严重抑制了我国人口增长。为探究低生育率的原因,基于马克思提出的有关生育的理论学说,构建了生育率模型,分析了影响生育率的因素,并通过与马尔萨斯生育率模型的比较,探究了马克思生育率模型的理论和现实意义。与马尔萨斯生育率模型提出的改善无产阶级收入状况会提高生育率的观点不同,马克思生育率模型可以推导出改善无产阶级收入状况会降低生育率这一观点,原因在于,资产阶级对无产阶级的残酷剥削,导致无产阶级挣得的微薄收入难以维持家庭生存需要,促使无产阶级选择提高生育率来应对贫困。在这方面,马克思对无产阶级生育行为变化的解释更符合人口转变的实际,为解释我国低生育率问题的成因和预测生育率的变化带来一定启示。In recent years,the persistent low fertility rate has seriously inhibited the growth of China’s population.In order to explore the reasons for the low fertility rate,Marx’s theoretical views on population issues are sorted into the fertility rate theory,the fertility rate model of Marx is constructed,the factors affecting the fertility rate are analyzed,and the theoretical and practical value of the fertil⁃ity rate model of Marx is explored.Different from the viewpoint that the improvement of proletarian income will stimulate fertility behav⁃ior proposed by Malthus’s fertility rate model,the fertility rate model of Marx emphasizes that the increase of proletarian income will lead to the decline of fertility rate.The reason is that the cruel exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie leads to the meager in⁃come earned by the proletariat being difficult to sustain the needs of family survival,prompting the proletariat to choose to increase the fertility rate to cope with poverty.In this respect,Marx’s explanation of the changes of proletarian fertility behavior is more in line with the reality of population transformation,which providing some enlightenment for explaining the causes of China’s low fertility rate prob⁃lem and predicting the changes in fertility rate.

关 键 词：马克思 人口转变 生育率 收入 启示 

分 类 号：C971[经济管理—劳动经济]