广东短生育期冬种油菜优选试验  

Optimal Selection Trial of Winter Rapeseed Variety with Short Growth Period in Guangdong Province

作　　者：李林 丁超 杨永 万月茹 傅廷栋 令娟[1,2] 万小荣 莫爱琼 LI Lin;DING Chao;YANG Yong;WAN Yueru;FU Tingdong;LING Juan;WAN Xiaorong;MO Aiqiong(College of Agriculture and Biology,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources,Guangzhou 510225,China;Yuewang Agricultural Group Co.,Ltd./Guangzhou Academician Workstation,Guangzhou 510450,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院农业与生物学院/广州市特色作物种质资源研究与利用重点实验室,广东广州510225 [2]粤旺农业集团有限公司/广州市院士专家工作站,广东广州510450 [3]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2025年第1期14-23,共10页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金农业科技发展及资源环境保护管理项目(2024KJ31,D22420132);国家自然科学基金(32001588,32201887);广州市院士专家工作站建设项目;仲恺农业工程学院研究生科技创新基金项目(KJCX2024020,KJCX2024037);仲恺农业工程学院科技小院专项(KA24YY07048)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对广东“稻-稻-油”三熟制地区的气候特点和农业生产需求,优选适合该地区冬种短生育期的油菜品种,以优化种植结构、提高土地利用率,并满足市场对高品质菜薹和油菜籽的需求。【方法】以11个油菜品种为试验材料,包括‘云油杂28号’‘云油双2号’‘青杂7号’‘青杂5号’‘阳光131’‘全油杂9号’‘云油杂15号’‘棚40’‘华油杂62’‘23P63-7母’和‘华油杂158’(对照),在广东省5个不同地区进行为期3年的种植筛选试验。试验期间,记录冬种条件下不同油菜品种的全生育期、农艺性状、产量和菜薹品质等指标,并对数据进行统计分析。【结果】不同供试油菜品种的生育期、农艺性状、产量和菜薹品质存在显著差异。其中,‘云油双2号’和‘棚40’在生育期、农艺性状、产量和菜薹品质方面表现出显著优势。‘云油双2号’和‘棚40’的全生育期较短、分别为120和119d,开花时间长,在品种中排名并列第二,均为34d;在产量方面,‘云油双2号’的油菜籽产量最高、达1827.80kg/hm^(2);‘棚40’的千粒质量最高、为3.16g;在菜薹品质方面,‘云油双2号’的还原糖含量最高、为63.71mg/g;‘棚40’的粗蛋白含量为296.12g/kg,且粗纤维含量最低、仅为6.43%。【结论】‘云油双2号’和‘棚40’油菜品种在广东三熟制地区冬种条件下表现出优异的综合性能,具备全生育期短、开花时间长、产量高和菜薹品质优良的特点,可作为理想的冬种短生育期多功能油菜品种,在广东三熟制地区可加大这两个品种的推广种植力度。【Objective】The selection of multi-functional rapeseed varieties with short growth period suitable for winter planting in triple cropping(rice-rice-rapeseed)areas based on the climate characteristics and agricultural production needs in Guangdong Province was performed to optimize the planting structure,improve the land use efficiency and meet the market demand for high-quality rapeseed.【Method】Eleven different rapeseed varieties,including‘Yunyouza 28’‘Yunyoushuang 2’‘Qingza 7’‘Qingza 5’‘Yangguang 131’‘Quanyouza 9’‘Yunyouza 15’‘Peng 40’‘Huayouza 62’‘23P63-7 female’and‘Huayouza 158’(CK)were selected as test materials.The entire growth period,agronomic traits,yield,and flowering stem quality of these varieties were determined through a planting selection trial under winter planting conditions in 5 regions of Guangdong Province over a period of 3 years.The obtained data were analyzed statistically.【Result】The entire growth period,agronomic traits,yield,and flowering stem quality were significantly different among the tested rapeseed varieties.The varieties‘Yunyoushuang 2’and‘Peng 40’showed significant advantages in terms of growth period,agronomic traits,yield,and flowering stem quality,with the shortest entire growth period of 120 and 119 days,respectively,particularly with a long flowering time of 34 days,ranking the second in all tested varieties.The rapeseed yield of‘Yunyoushuang 2’was the highest,reaching 1827.80 kg/hm^(2);The thousand-grain weight of‘Peng 40’rapeseed was 3.16 g and peaked in all tested varieties.In terms of the flowering stem quality,‘Yunyoushuang 2’had the highest content of reducing sugar of 63.71 mg/g.The crude protein content of‘Peng 40’ranked the third among the tested varieties at 296.12 g/kg,with the lowest crude fiber content of 6.43% simultaneously.【Conclusion】The two rapeseed varieties,‘Yunyoushuang 2’and‘Peng 40’present the optimal field performance under winter planting conditions in the trip

关 键 词：油菜 短生育期 冬种 农艺性状评价 菜薹品质 产量 优选 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]