外源脱落酸对低温胁迫下烟草幼苗生长的影响  

Effect of Exogenous Abscisic Acid on the Growth of Tobacco Seedlings under Low Temperature Stress

作　　者：陆晨萱 宗学凤 LU Chenxuan;ZONG Xuefeng(College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of Southern Mountain Agriculture Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院/南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2025年第1期37-48,共12页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展项目(cstc2021jscx-tpyzxX0011);中国烟草总公司重庆市公司重点科技项目(B20232NY1307)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究外源脱落酸(ABA)对低温胁迫下烟草抗逆性的影响,为其在烟草抗寒生理基础研究和应用上提供理论参考。【方法】以六叶一心的‘渝金香1号’烟草幼苗为试验材料,以喷施清水室温处理的烟苗为正向对照(CK),喷施清水8(±1)℃处理的烟苗为负向对照(CK-0),采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度(10、20、30、50μmol/L)ABA对低温胁迫下烟草幼苗中光合色素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、POD及SOD活性的影响,同时利用主成分分析法和隶属函数法分析外源脱落酸处理下烟草幼苗生理指标并进行综合评价。【结果】施加不同浓度的外源ABA对烟草短期低温胁迫具有剂量效应,随着外源ABA浓度增加,其对烟草幼苗低温胁迫的缓解作用,整体上呈现出从促进到抑制的趋势转变,但低浓度ABA会抑制低温胁迫下渗透调节物质含量上升。结合生理生化指标及隶属函数进行分析可知,外源施加20μmol/L ABA处理能最大程度解除烟草幼苗低温胁迫条件下的生长抑制作用,特别是经过72 h低温胁迫条件下烟草幼苗叶片内光合色素、叶绿素a、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量以及POD、SOD活性分别比对照(CK-0)提高33.54%、36.19%、12.62%、33.34%、40.87%和9.92%。MDA和脯氨酸含量分别比CK-0组降低18.16%和14.31%。该处理ABA用量较少,可节约冷害预防成本。【结论】在生产中,低温天气如“倒春寒”前可喷施20μmol/L ABA来提升烟苗对低温胁迫的耐受性,有效预防冷害,显著减轻低温伤害。【Objective】To explore the effect of exogenous abscisic acid(ABA)on tobacco young seedlings under low temperature stress,and to provide a theoretical basis for the fundamental research and practical application of ABA in tobacco cold resistance physiology.【Method】Tobacco seedlings‘Yujinxiang 1’with six leaves were used as the experimental material.Tobacco seedlings treated with water at room temperature served as the positive control(CK),while tobacco seedlings treated with water at 8(±1)℃ under low temperature stress served as the negative control(CK-0).A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ABA(10,20,30,50μmol/L)on various physiological indices of tobacco seedlings under low temperature stress,including photosynthetic pigment content,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content,MDA content,proline content,as well as POD and SOD activities.The physiological indices of tobacco seedlings treated with exogenous ABA were analyzed using principal component analysis and the membership function method.【Result】Exogenous ABA at different concentrations had a dose-effect on the short-term cold stress of tobacco seedlings.With the increase of exogenous ABA concentration,the alleviating effect of exogenous ABA on the cold stress of tobacco seedlings as a whole showed a trend change from promoting to inhibiting,but low concentration of ABA could inhibit the increase of the content of osmoregulatory substances under cold stress.Based on the analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators combined with membership functions,exogenous application of 20μmol/L ABA can maximize the alleviation of growth inhibition in tobacco seedlings under cold stress conditions.Specifically,after 72 hours of cold stress,the contents of photosynthetic pigments,chlorophyll a,soluble protein,soluble sugar,and the activities of POD and SOD in the leaves of tobacco seedlings treated with 20μmol/L ABA were 33.54%,36%,12.62%,33.34%,40.87%,and 9.92% higher,respectively,compared

关 键 词：低温胁迫 烟草幼苗 脱落酸 生理特性 耐低温鉴定 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]