不同荔枝品种对炭疽病抗性鉴定与评价  

Identification and Evaluation of Resistance of Different Litchi Cultivars to Anthracnose

作　　者：许兆葳 李莎 赵俊生 欧阳乐军 赵永国 沈超 张玲 陆光远 刘杰凤 王俊霞 XU Zhaowei;LI Sha;ZHAO Junsheng;OUYANG Lejun;ZHAO Yongguo;SHEN Chao;ZHANG Ling;LU Guangyuan;LIU Jiefeng;WANG Junxia(College of Plant Protection,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Biology and Food Engineering,Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Green Production of Agricultural Products and Agricultural Intelligent Equipment,Maoming 525000,China;Maoming Agricultural Science and Technology Promotion Center,Maoming 525000,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学植物保护学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东石油化工学院生物与食品工程学院/广东省农产品绿色生产与农业智能装备重点实验室,广东茂名525000 [3]茂名市农业科技推广中心,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2025年第1期70-80,共11页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2018B020202011、2021B0707010003);广东省普通高校重点领域专项项目(2020ZDZX1056);国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系茂名综合试验站专项(CARS-32-17);广东省科技创新战略专项(2021S0065、2021S0064)。

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在鉴定广东茂名地区荔枝炭疽病的病原菌种类及优势生理小种,并评估当地28个主栽荔枝品种对炭疽病的抗性,为开展荔枝抗病育种及病害防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用组织分离法,从国家荔枝种质资源圃(茂名)采集的疑似病叶及病果中分离炭疽病菌,并结合形态特征观察和多基因系统学分析对病原菌进行鉴定。采用离体接种法,对28个主栽荔枝品种的叶片和果实进行炭疽病离体接种,通过测定病斑面积、病情指数等指标,并采用欧式平方距离法和组内联结法进行聚类分析,评估各品种的抗病性。【结果】成功分离出2种荔枝炭疽病病原菌,共计8个菌株;系统发育树分析表明,6株为暹罗炭疽菌(Colletotrichum siamense),2株为果生炭疽菌(C.fructicola),其中菌株LZTJ1致病力最强。在27份荔枝品种的叶片和18份荔枝品种的果实中进行离体接种鉴定,分别发现11个(40.74%)和9个(50.00%)荔枝品种具有较好的炭疽病抗性。通过叶片接种鉴定获得5份高抗品种,果实接种鉴定获得3份高抗品种,叶片和果实同时抗病的品种为‘御金球’‘白蜡’和‘冰荔’。此外,同一品种的不同部位感病性有所不同,果实相较于叶片具有更高的敏感性。通过聚类分析,将17个荔枝品种的抗病性划分为4类,其中抗性品种占比为35.29%,大部分品种属于感病品种。【结论】本研究明确了茂名地区荔枝炭疽病病原菌的种类及致病力差异,并探明当地主栽荔枝品种对炭疽病的抗性。鉴定出的‘御金球’‘白蜡’和‘冰荔’3个抗炭疽病品种可作为未来抗病育种的重要亲本材料。【Objective】The study aims to identify the species and dominant physiological races of Colletotrichum causing anthracnose in litchi in Maoming,and to evaluate the resistance of 28 main litchi cultivars grown locally to anthracnose,providing scientific basis for disease-resistant breeding and disease control.【Method】The tissue separation method was used to isolate Colletotrichum from suspected diseased leaves and fruits collected from the National Litchi Germplasm Nursery(Maoming).Pathogen identification was conducted through morphological observation and multi-gene phylogeny analysis.Subsequently,an in vitro inoculation method was employed to inoculate the leaves and fruits of 28 main litchi cultivars with anthracnose.The resistance of various cultivars was evaluated by measuring the lesion area and disease index,and cluster analysis was conducted by Euclidean square distance intra-group association method.【Result】Two species of Colletotrichum,totaling 8 strains,were successfully isolated and identified.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that,among these strains,6 were Colletotrichum siamense and 2 were C.fructicola,with strain LZTJ1 exhibiting the strongest pathogenicity.The in vitro inoculation conducted on leaves of 27 cultivars and fruits of 18 cultivars revealed that,40.74%(11)and 50.00%(9)of the cultivars exhibited good resistance to anthracnose,respectively.Specifically,five highly resistant cultivars were identified from leaves inoculations,and three from fruits inoculations,with‘Yujinqiu’,‘Baila’and‘Bingli’being resistant to both leaf and fruit infections.Additionally,it was found that different parts of the same cultivar showed different susceptibility,with fruits generally more sensitive than leaves.Through cluster analysis,the resistance of 17 litchi cultivars was divided into four categories,with 35.29%being resistant and most cultivars being susceptible.【Conclusion】The study revealed the differences in the categories and pathogenicity of litchi anthracnose pathogens in Maom

关 键 词：荔枝品种 炭疽菌 离体接种 抗性鉴定 聚类分析 炭疽病分级 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]