以比能量和梯度函数为目标的混流式水轮机水力优化研究  

Research on hydraulic optimization of Francis turbine with specific energy and gradient function as objectives

作　　者：程宦 周凌九[2] 王正伟[3] 罗洪 唐君怀 王钊宁 赵永智 冷在军 张骁 CHENG Huan;ZHOU Lingjiu;WANG Zhengwei;LUO Hong;TANG Junhuai;WANG Zhaoning;ZHAO Yongzhi;LENG Zaijun;ZHANG Xiao(Dongfang Electric Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Deyang 618000,China;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;SDIC Yunnan Dachaoshan Hydropower Co.,Ltd.,Lincang 675800,China)

机构地区：[1]东方电气集团东方电机有限公司,四川德阳618000 [2]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [3]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [4]国投云南大朝山水电有限公司,云南临沧675800

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2025年第3期1-12,共12页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：四川省科技计划资助项目(2024ZHCG0052)。

摘　　要：混流式机组具备宽负荷稳定运行的能力对构建新型电力系统至关重要,目前许多电站机组在偏工况运行的稳定性较差,无法满足宽负荷灵活运行的需求。本文以云南大朝山电站5号机国产化替代项目为例,采用了一种以比能量和梯度函数为量化目标的混流式水轮机宽负荷水力优化方法,并研发出了一种“负倾反C型”新转轮,有效改善了机组在宽负荷运行中的水力稳定性。数值计算和模型试验结果表明,大朝山新转轮相比原转轮的尾水涡、叶道涡特征强度显著降低,消除了高部分负荷压力脉动,无叶区、尾水管的最大压力脉动幅值降低了50%以上,能够实现宽负荷范围内长期连续安全稳定运行要求。The capability of Francis turbine units with wide-load stable operation is crucial for constructing a new electric power system.Currently,a great number of hydropower units suffer from poor stability under off-design conditions,which cannot meet the demand for flexible operation over a wideload range.This paper presents a Francis turbine hydraulic optimization method for wide-load operation and its application to Unit No.5 at the Dachaoshan hydropower station in Yunnan,using specific energy and gradient function as a quantified target.And developed a new type of runner,namely"Negative Inclination and Reverse C-Type"that can effectively improve the hydraulic stability of the unit and achieve a stable wide-load range.Numerical calculations and model tests show new design reduces significantly the draft vortex and the characteristic channel vortex in comparison to the original runner at Dachaoshan,eliminating high partial load pressure pulsations.It brings about a reduction of more than 50%in the maximum pressure fluctuation amplitude in the vaneless region and draft tube,meeting the requirements for long-term continuous safe and stable operation over a wide-load range.

关 键 词：混流式水轮机 负倾反C型转轮 宽负荷运行 数值模拟 模型试验 

分 类 号：TK733.1[交通运输工程—轮机工程]