应急疏散条件下车辆路径问题的多目标优化  

Multi-objective Optimization of Vehicle Path Problems Under Emergency Evacuation Conditions

作　　者：郭瑞军[1] 刘悦 窦玉林 刘莹莹 GUO Ruijun;LIU Yue;DOU Yulin;LIU Yingying(School of Transportation Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学交通工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期91-96,共6页Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：2024年度辽宁省地方标准制修订计划项目(2024107)。

摘　　要：近年来,国内外灾害性突发事件频发,有必要提前制定科学合理的应急疏散计划,而应急疏散路线是应急预案的重要组成部分。首先,构建了一个在多目标优化框架下的疏散模型,该模型着手在最短时间内完成疏散和最大限度降低疏散过程中的风险;然后,通过线性加权法的方式对2个目标赋予权重,在考虑疏散路网道路通行能力的前提下,将多目标转化为单目标,并通过Lingo进行求解。针对毒气泄漏事件进行了实例模拟,结果显示,综合考虑风险和时间双目标的目标值为165.12,相较于只考虑最小风险降低了99。同传统只考虑单一因素相比,优先选择风险和距离较小的路径是相对较优的策略,可综合提高应急疏散的效率,为日后应急疏散方案的制定与演练提供优化思路。In recent years,the frequent occurrence of catastrophic emergencies in China and abroad has made it necessary to formulate a scientific and reasonable emergency evacuation plan in advance,and the emergency evacuation route is an important part of the emergency plan.Firstly,an evacuation model under the framework of multi-objective optimization was constructed,which aimed to complete the evacuation in the shortest time and minimal risk.Then,weights were assigned to the two objectives by means of a linear weighting method,and the multi-objective was converted into a single objective and solved by Lingo software under the premise of considering the capacity of the evacuation road network.Finally,an example simulation was carried out for the gas leakage event.The results show that the target value of risk and time is 165.12,which reduced by 99 comparing to only considering the minimum risk.Comparing with the traditional single-factor considerations,it is a relatively better strategy to prioritize the path with smaller risk and time,which can comprehensively improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation and provide optimal solution for the development and rehearsal of the emergency evacuation plan in the future.

关 键 词：应急疏散 路径优化 多目标模型 线性加权法 LINGO 

分 类 号：U492.22[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]