基于GPCA-GA的架空配电线路动态增容热传感器配置方法  

Thermal Sensor Configuration Method for Dynamic Rating of Overhead Distribution Lines Based on Gappy Principal Component Analysis-Genetic Algorithm

作　　者：张轶 袁嘉伟 汤波 陈上吉 张树森 崔昊杨 ZHANG Yi;YUAN Jiawei;TANG Bo;CHEN Shangji;ZHANG Shusen;CUI Haoyang(College of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China;Yichun Power Supply Company of State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichun 336000,China;State Grid Henan Electric Power Company,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Xinyang Power Supply Company of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company,Xinyang 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海市200090 [2]国网江西省电力有限公司宜春供电分公司,江西省宜春市336000 [3]国网河南省电力公司,河南省郑州市450003 [4]国网河南省电力公司信阳供电公司,河南省信阳市464000

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2025年第6期187-197,共11页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国网河南省电力公司科技项目(521770230002)。

摘　　要：架空配电线路动态增容技术能在保证安全的前提下提高线路输电能力,是应对短时高峰电力传输经济高效的方法。导体温度是架空线路动态增容的核心指标之一,通常需要在线路上安装大量热传感器进行采集,但投资巨大且难以实施。文中提出一种基于缺失数据主成分分析(GPCA)-遗传算法(GA)的架空配电线路动态热感知优化方法,在架空配电线路上合理选择热传感器点位,精准计算线路全域温度分布,减少热传感器安装数量和投资。首先,建立考虑架空配电线路绝缘介质的载流量计算模型与GPCA组合重构模型,精准重构全域线路热特性;其次,采用GPCA-GA确定最佳传感器数量和布置点位,提高配电线路热重构精度;最后,以某地10 kV架空配电线路为例验证所提方法的有效性。The dynamic rating technology for overhead distribution lines can enhance the transmission capacity of the lines on the premise of ensuring safety,and is an economically efficient method to handle short-term peak power transmission.The conductor temperature is one of the core indicators for dynamic rating of overhead lines.Generally,a large number of thermal sensors need to be installed on the lines for collection,but the investment is substantial and difficult to implement.In this paper,an optimization method for dynamic thermal sensing of overhead distribution lines based on the gappy principal component analysis(GPCA)-genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed.It selects the rational positions for thermal sensors on overhead distribution lines,precisely calculates the temperature distribution across the entire line,and reduces the number and investment of thermal sensor installations.Firstly,a current-carrying capacity calculation model considering the insulation medium of overhead distribution lines and a combined reconstruction model of GPCA are established to precisely reconstruct the thermal characteristics of the entire line.Secondly,GPCA-GA is employed to determine the optimal number of sensors and deployment positions,improving the thermal reconstruction accuracy of the distribution lines.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by taking 10 kV overhead distribution lines in a certain area as a case.

关 键 词：配电网 架空线路 动态增容 热传感器 配置 温度分布重构 主成分分析 遗传算法 

分 类 号：TM7[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]