超临界CO_(2)应用研究概述  

Overview of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Application Research

作　　者：张景云 赵奕斌 吕晓莹 孙昱博 ZHANG Jingyun;ZHAO Yibin;LU Xiaoying;SUN Yubo(Sinochem Quanzhou Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Quanzhou 362000,Fujian,China;Sinochem Quanzhou Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,Quanzhou 362103,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]中化泉州能源科技有限责任公司,福建泉州362000 [2]中化泉州石化有限公司,福建泉州362103

出　　处：《上海塑料》2024年第5期22-30,共9页Shanghai Plastics

摘　　要：超临界流体兼具气体的低黏度和液体的高溶解能力,超临界CO_(2)(scCO_(2))因其环境友好、化学惰性和可调节的溶解性,成为研究和应用最广泛的超临界流体。在萃取领域,scCO_(2)萃取技术具有无溶剂残留、低温操作、高效分离等优点,广泛应用于食品、医药和化工等行业。分析比较了scCO_(2)萃取技术的3种典型流程,综述了scCO_(2)在聚合物合成、改性和加工方面的应用。scCO_(2)在制备超细微粒方面表现出独特的优势,通过超临界流体快速膨胀法、超临界流体抗溶剂法、超临界流体辅助雾化法、溶液增强分散法等技术可实现药物和材料的微纳米化。尽管scCO_(2)技术在高压条件下的能耗问题仍待优化,但其在绿色化学和材料科学中的应用前景广阔,有望推动相关领域的可持续发展。Supercritical fluids have both the low viscosity of gases and the high solubility of liquids.Supercritical CO_(2)(scCO_(2))has become the most widely studied and applied supercritical fluid due to its environmental friendliness,chemi-cal inertness,and adjustable solubility.In the field of extraction,scCO_(2)extraction technology has the advantages of no solvent residue,low-temperature operation,and efficient separation,and is widely used in industries such as food,med-icine,and chemical.Three typical processes of scCO_(2)extraction technology were analyzed and compared.The applica-tion of scCO_(2)in polymer synthesis,modification,and processing was summarized.scCO_(2) exhibits unique advantages in preparing ultrafine particles.Through techniques such as rapid expansion of supercritical fluid,anti solvent method of supercritical fluid,assisted atomization method of supercritical fluid,and solution enhanced dispersion method,drugs and materials can be micro nano sized.Although the energy consumption of scCO_(2)technology under high pressure condi-tions still needs to be optimized,its application prospects in green chemistry and materials science are broad,and it is expected to promote sustainable development in related fields.

关 键 词：超临界CO_(2) 高分子聚合物 萃取 超细微粒 

分 类 号：TQ028.32[化学工程]