不同技能水平网球选手正手击球动作生物力学分析  

Biomechanical Analysis of Forehand Stroke Movements of Tennis Players of Different Skill Levels

作　　者：谢克旺 陈岩[2] Xie Kewang;Chen Yan(Yantai University of Science and Technology,Yantai 264000,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台科技学院,山东烟台264000 [2]山东体育学院,山东济南250102

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2025年第2期149-152,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：目的:对比分析不同水平网球选手正手击球动作各环节的运动学、动力学特征。方法:招募8名网球二级运动员(高水平组)和10名普通网球专项学生(普通组),通过VICON红外动作捕捉系统和三维测力台采集正手击球动作运动学和动力学数据。结果:(1)高水平组和普通组由近端到远端关节峰值速度依次到达峰值,符合速度总和原理。(2)高水平组和普通组重心前移具有显著性差异。(3)高水平组在髋关节、踝关节做功贡献上显著大于普通组。结论:高水平组选手加速挥拍阶段身体重心显著前移,向击球方向的推动作用更明显,有利于动量向球拍的传递;在加速挥拍过程中高水平组选手右腿髋膝踝三关节做功要显著高于普通组,下肢蹬伸作用更明显。建议:在加速挥拍击球时,普通组选手右腿应蹬离地面,同时身体向击球方向随动,以增加躯干的转动,提高正手挥拍速度;普通组选手应针对蹬地转体的爆发力进行专项练习;在进行正手击球时,普通组选手应更注重下肢的力量参与。The objective of this paper is to compare and analyze the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of forehand stroke movements of tennis players of different levels.Methods:8 tennis players(high-level group)and 10 general tennis students(general group)were recruited,and the kinematic and kinetic data of forehand stroke movements were collected by VICON infrared motion capture system and three-dimensional force measuring table.Results:(i)The peak speeds of the high-level group and the general group reached their peaks sequentially from proximal to distal joints,which was in accordance with the principle of sum of speeds.(i)There was a significant difference in the forward shift of the center of gravity between the high-level group and the general group.(ii)The contribution of work done by hip and ankle joints in the high-level group was significantly larger than that in the general group.Conclusion:The center of gravity of high-level players shifted forward significantly during the accelerated swing phase,and the driving effect towards the direction of hitting the ball was more obvious,which was conducive to the transfer of momentum to the racket;during the accelerated swing process,the work done by the right hip-knee-ankle joints of high-level players was significantly higher than that of the general group,and the stomping and stretching effect of the lower limbs was more obvious.Suggestions:During the accelerated swing,the right leg of the players in the general group should be stomped off the ground,and the body should be moved in the direction of hitting the racket,so as to increase the rotation of the torso and improve the speed of swinging the racket with the forehand;the players in the general group should carry out the special practice of the explosive power of the stomping and turning of the body;when hitting the racket with the forehand,the players in the general group should focus on the power of the lower limbs.

关 键 词：网球 正手击球 生物力学 

分 类 号：G845[文化科学—体育训练]