5个饲料油菜品种不同刈割方式下生物量和籽粒产量的评价研究  

The evaluation study on 5 feed Brassica napus varieties under different harvest methods of biological yield and grain yield

作　　者：凡迪 王涛 张林 钟伟 吴宇瑶 戴祥来 胡权 代文东[2] FAN Di;WANG Tao;ZHANG Lin;ZHONG Wei;WU Yuyao;DAI Xianglai;HU Quan;DAI Wendong(Guizhou Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Guiyang,Guizhou Province 550001,China;Guizhou Rapeseed Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou Province 550008,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农作物技术推广总站,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州省农业科学院油菜研究所,贵州贵阳550008

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第5期149-154,共6页China Feed

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划“饲料油菜混合发酵提升菜籽粕利用价值的关键技术研究”(黔科合支撑[2023]一般073);贵州省基金“饲料油菜植株粗蛋白含量的遗传及QTL定位研究”(黔科合基础项目-ZK[2022]一般289);贵州省科技支撑计划“高蛋白饲料油菜品种创制及高效技术模式研究与应用”(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y108号);贵州粮油绿色高产高效技术推广专项[2021]09号。

摘　　要：本试验通过对5个饲料油菜品种(组合)不同刈割方式下的生物量和籽粒产量进行对比分析,旨在为饲料油菜品种选择和刈割方法提供技术支撑。以5个饲料油菜品种(组合)(A_(1):油研50;A_(2):饲油2号;A_(3):牲饲1号;A_(4):牲饲2号;A5:YY601)为研究对象,采取3种刈割方式[B_(1):薹期(BS)及其再生植株终花期(FFSRP)两次刈割;B_(2):终花期(FFS)一次刈割;B3:不刈割],于2018-2019年和2019-2020年在思南县、长顺县连续两年开展田间试验,对不同品种(组合)不同刈割方式下植株生物量和籽粒产量进行综合评价。结果表明:饲料油菜采取B_(1)刈割方式下的植株鲜重最好,采取B_(2)刈割方式下的植株干重最高。处理间饲料油菜BS和FFSRP总鲜重为3671.81~4765.02 kg/667m^(2)、总干重为506.81~627.59 kg/667m^(2),FFS鲜重为3516.53~3927.55 kg/667m^(2)、干重为581.98~688.59 kg/667m^(2),品种间籽粒产量为135.87~189.23 kg/667m^(2)。其中,品种极显著影响BS鲜重和干重,显著影响FFS干重、BS和FFSRP总鲜重以及籽粒产量;地点显著影响BS和FFSRP总干重;年份显著影响BS和FFSRP总干重,极显著影响其他时期鲜重和干重以及籽粒产量。品种和年份互作极显著影响FFSRP鲜重、BS和FFSRP总鲜重,显著影响BS鲜重、FFSRP干重、BS和FFSRP总干重;地点和年份互作对BS和FFSRP的总干重影响不显著,对其他时期鲜重、干重及籽粒产量影响均达极显著;地点和品种互作显著影响菜籽产量;地点、品种和年份三者互作极显著影响BS鲜重、BS和FFS干重,显著影响BS和FFSRP总鲜重。A_(4)B_(1)处理BS与FFSRP总鲜重和干重均最高,分别为4765.02 kg/667m^(2)和627.59 kg/667m^(2);效应值最高,分别为14.18和0.87;变异度较小,分别为3.96%和6.38%,在刈割两次的处理中稳定性最好。A_(3)B_(2)处理植株鲜重为3927.55 kg/667m^(2)、效应值最高(5.41)、变异度较小(0.90%);A_(3)B_(2)和A_(1)B_(2)处理植株干重分别为688.59 kg/667m^(2)和678.73This experiment analyzed the biological yield and grain yield of 5 feed Brassica varieties(combinations)with different harvest methods,providing technical support for the selection of feed Brassica varieties and harvest methods.Five forage rapeseed varieties(combinations)(including A_(1):Youyan 50,A_(2):Siyou No.2,A_(3):Shengsi No.1,A_(4):Shengsi No.2,A5:YY601)were studied.Field experiments were conducted in Sinan County,and Changshun County,from 2018 to 2019 and from 2019 to 2020,using three harvest methods):[B_(1):twice harvest during the bolting stage(BS)and final flowering stage of the regeneration plant(FFSRP),B_(2):once harvest during the final flowering stage(FFS),and B3:no cutting],evaluate plant biological yield and grain yield under different varieties(combinations)and harvest methods.The results showed that the highest fresh weight(FW)of forage rapeseed plants was achieved through two harvest methods during the BS and the FFSRP.The dry weight(DW)of the plants in the forage rapeseed was the highest withr the once harvest method during the FFS.The total fresh weight(TFW)and total dry weight(TDW)of varieties mowing period as BS and FFSRP was 3671.81~4765.02 kg/667m^(2)and 506.81~627.59 kg/667m^(2),respectively.The FW and DW of varieties mowing period as final flowering stage(FFS)was 3516.53~3927.55 kg/667m^(2)and 581.98~688.59 kg/667m^(2),respectively.The grain yield was range as 135.87~189.23 kg/667 m^(2)between varieties.The variety very significantly affected FW and DW of BS,significantly affected DW of FFS,TFW of BS and FFSRP,and grain yield,respectively.The experimental site significantly affected TDW of BS and FFSRP.The experimental year significantly affected TDW of BS and FFSRP,and very significantly affected the FW and DW of all mowing period.The interaction of variety and year very significantly affected FW of FFSRP,TFW of BS and FFSRP,and significantly affected FW of BS,DW of FFSRP,TDW of BS and FFSRP.The interaction of experimental site and year not significantly affected DW of BS and FFSRP,an

关 键 词：饲料油菜 品种 刈割方式 生物量 产量 评价 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]