EA1N车轴激光熔覆工艺研究与应用  

Research and application of laser cladding process for EA1N axle

作　　者：姚猛 孙强 张占东 赵文渊 李彦周 YAO Meng;SUN Qiang;ZHANG Zhandong;ZHAO Wenyuan;LI Yanzhou(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037001,Shanxi,China;CRRC Datong Co.,Ltd.,Datong 037001,Shanxi,China;Hebei Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology,Xingtai 054000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学机电工程学院,山西大同037038 [2]中车大同电力机车有限公司,山西大同037001 [3]河北机电职业技术学院,河北邢台054000

出　　处：《金属加工(热加工)》2025年第3期161-165,共5页MW Metal Forming

基　　金：2022年度山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类):面向液压支架作业过程的乳化液泵新型流量调控原理及其智能稳压供液方法研究(202303021211325)。

摘　　要：在车轴服役过程中,车轴的损坏主要包括装配过程中对内壁产生的摩擦微动损伤、经泥沙等冲刷腐蚀后不断损伤剥落、运行过程中承载的旋转弯曲载荷疲劳损伤,以及检修推卸过程车轴的表面拉伤等,这些损坏会导致车轴因表面失效而报废。针对这些问题,选用中车研究院自行研制的CRRC-SP-13合金钢粉末对损伤的EA1N车轴进行激光熔覆处理,并制定了详细的激光熔覆工艺,分别从熔覆前、熔覆过程和熔覆后处理对车轴修复过程进行严格管控。结果表明:车轴经激光熔覆工艺处理后效果良好,无气孔、夹渣等新缺陷产生,成功完成了EA1N车轴激光熔覆工艺研究,对于延长车轴使用寿命、降低车轴报废率具有重大的现实意义。During the service life of the axle,the damage of the axle mainly includes frictional micro-wear damage to the inner wall caused by assembly,continuous damage and peeling caused by erosion and corrosion by sand and other impurities,fatigue damage caused by rotational bending load during operation,and surface scratches caused by pushing and unloading during maintenance.This will cause the axle to fail due to surface failure.To address these issues,CRRC Research Institute selected its self-developed CRRC-SP-13 alloy steel powder to perform laser cladding treatment on the damaged EA1N axle,and formulated a detailed laser cladding process plan,strictly controlling the axle repair process from before cladding,during cladding,and after cladding.The results show that the axle has good effects after laser cladding treatment,without the generation of new defects such as pores and slag.The research on laser cladding process of EA1N axle has been successfully completed,which has significant practical significance for extending the service life of the axle and reducing the axle scrapping rate.

关 键 词：EA1N车轴 再制造 激光熔覆 合金钢粉末 

分 类 号：U279.3[机械工程—车辆工程] TG174.4[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程] TG665[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]