铝钢复合板制油冷器钎焊工艺研究  

Brazing Process of Oil Cooler Made of Aluminum-steel Composite Plate

作　　者：何鹏 徐瑞[1,2] 龙飞 王策[1,2] 张峣 施清清 陆青松[5] 林盼盼 林铁松 赵岩 HE Peng;XU Rui;LONG Fei;WANG Ce;ZHANG Yao;SHI Qingqing;LU Qingsong;LIN Panpan;LIN Tiesong;ZHAO Yan(Harbin Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute,Zhengzhou 450018,China;National Key Laboratory of Precision Welding and Joining for Materials Structure,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Henan Academy of Sciences Materials Research Institute,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Gree Electric Appliances(Zhengzhou)Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450066,China;Zhejiang Yinlun Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Zhejiang Tiantai 317200,China;Wolong Electric Nanyang Explosion-proof Group Co.,Ltd.,Henan Nanyang 473000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈工大郑州研究院,郑州450018 [2]哈尔滨工业大学材料结构精密焊接与连接全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [3]河南省科学院材料研究所,郑州450046 [4]格力电器(郑州)有限公司,郑州450066 [5]浙江银轮机械股份有限公司,浙江天台317200 [6]卧龙电气南阳防爆集团股份有限公司,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《精密成形工程》2025年第3期9-18,共10页Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U21A20128,52305353,52474404,52175302,U22A20185);中国博士后科学基金(2023M740898)。

摘　　要：目的针对不锈钢油冷器存在的制造成本高、导热性能不足、重量过大等问题,开发了基于铝钢复合板材料的油冷器新型钎焊工艺。方法采用4343铝合金钎料,在氮气保护条件下通过连续钎焊工艺(CAB),将铝钢复合板芯板与3003铝合金翅片进行钎焊连接,成功制备出油冷器,系统研究了网带运行速度、钎焊温度等关键工艺参数对油冷器内部连接接头组织及力学性能的影响。结果网带运行速度决定了产品实际连接温度,直接影响了焊合率,网带运行速度与产品内实际连接温度成反比,当网带运行速度过高时,实际连接温度较低,会导致部分钎料无法充分熔化造成虚焊等缺陷;而当网带运行速度过低时,实际连接温度较高,易导致钎料流失与母材熔蚀。同时,当临界温度超过610℃时,复合板保护层Al-Si合金与芯层SPCC钢的界面处形成由τ5相、过渡层与η相所组成的界面反应层,此界面反应层呈金属间化合物脆性质,厚度增加会导致复合板强度降低。结论当网带运行速度为360 mm/min时,油冷器内部钎焊部位无虚焊、空洞等缺陷,铝钢复合板未发生严重的界面反应,油冷器整体焊接质量良好。The work aims to develop new brazing process for oil coolers based on aluminum-steel composite plates to deal with the high production cost,poor thermal conductivity and heavy weight of stainless steel oil coolers.With the use of 4343 aluminum alloy filler metal,an aluminum-steel composite plate core plate was brazed with a 3003 aluminum alloy fin under ni-trogen protection by continuous brazing process(CAB),and the oil cooler was successfully prepared.The effects of key process parameters such as mesh belt speed and brazing temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of the internal joint of the oil cooler were systematically studied.The research results showed that the speed of the mesh belt determined the actual connection temperature of the product and directly affected its brazing rate.That was,a high mesh belt speed lead to a low actu-al brazing temperature,resulting in some brazing filler metal not melting,while a low mesh belt speed lead to a high actual brazing temperature,causing an increase in the fluidity of the brazing filler metal and its loss.At the same time,when the critical temperature exceeded 610℃,an interfacial reaction layer composed ofτ5 phase,transition layer andηphase formed at the in-terface between the protective layer of Al-Si alloy and the core layer of SPCC steel of the composite plate.This interfacial reac-tion layer had the brittle nature of intermetallic compounds,and its thickness increase lead to a decrease in the tensile strength of the composite plate.When the speed of the mesh belt is 360mm/min,there are no defects such as false soldering and voids in the brazing parts inside the oil cooler,and no serious interfacial reaction occurs in the aluminum-steel composite plate.The overall welding quality of the oil cooler is good.

关 键 词：铝钢复合板 油冷器 氮气保护连续钎焊 网带传送速度 界面反应 

分 类 号：TG425[金属学及工艺—焊接]