面向重型水轮机的高强韧焊接材料及技术研究进展  

Advancement on High Strength and Toughness Welding Materials and Technologies for Heavy Turbines

作　　者：王星星[1,2] 王远航 卢一凡 石如星 刘怀亮 彭岩 凌自成 张雷 陈小明 潘昆明[5] 耿在明 张雷[7] 马怀立[8] 杨杰 王威 土比木乃 赵永军 王文德 WANG Xingxing;WANG Yuanhang;LU Yifan;SHI Ruxing;LIU Huailiang;PENG Yan;LING Zicheng;ZHANG Lei;CHEN Xiaoming;PAN Kunming;GENG Zaiming;ZHANG Lei;MA Huaili;YANG Jie;WANG Wei;TUBI Munai;ZHAO Yongjun;WANG Wende(Henan International Joint Laboratory of High-efficiency Special Green Welding,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045,China;CITIC Heavy Industries Co.,Ltd.,Henan Luoyang 471033,China;China Academy of Machinery Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Hangzhou Mechanical Design Research Institute,Ministry of Water Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;Longmen Laboratory,Henan Luoyang 471000,China;China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430014,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Ningxia Yellow River Hydropower Qingtongxia Power Generation Co.,Ltd.,Ningxia Wuzhong 751608,China;Dongfang Electric Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Sichuan Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学河南省高效特种绿色焊接国际联合实验室,郑州450045 [2]中信重工机械股份有限公司,河南洛阳471033 [3]中国机械总院集团郑州机械研究所有限公司,郑州450001 [4]水利部杭州机械设计研究所,杭州310012 [5]龙门实验室,河南洛阳471000 [6]中国长江电力股份有限公司,武汉430014 [7]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [8]宁夏黄河水电青铜峡发电有限公司,宁夏吴忠751608 [9]东方电气集团东方电机有限公司,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《精密成形工程》2025年第3期19-30,共12页Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52475347);国家外国专家项目(G2023026003L);中原科技创新领军人才项目;河南省优秀青年科学基金项目(202300410268);河南省高端外国专家引进项目(HNGD2025026);中国博士后基金面上项目(2023M740475)。

摘　　要：重型水轮机作为水电机组的核心部件,其性能和可靠性直接关系到水电机组的稳定运行与长效发挥。焊接工艺在水轮机制造中起着关键作用,焊接材料的正确选用直接决定了水轮机的服役可靠性。随着水电技术的不断发展以及对大规模、高效率水电机组的需求日益增长,水轮机所需材料的性能标准也在不断提高。在高水头、大容量水电机组中,水轮机承受着极大的机械载荷与恶劣的工作环境,因此对焊接材料的强度、韧性及耐腐蚀性能提出了更严苛的要求。本文综述了重型水轮机高强韧焊接材料的研究进展,针对转轮、导叶及蜗壳等关键部件在高水头、大容量水电机组中的应用特点,探讨了制造过程中焊接材料及技术的关键问题。系统分析了重型水轮机用马氏体不锈钢、高强钢及复合材料研究领域的国内外动态,重点关注了锻焊结合、增材制造及表面强化等新技术,提出了优化焊接材料强度、韧性和耐腐蚀性能的全生命周期制造策略,旨在优化焊接材料的综合性能,确保水轮机在各种工作条件下的可靠性与长期稳定运行。As the core components of hydropower units,heavy turbines directly affect the stable operation and longevity of these systems through their performance and reliability.Welding technology plays a crucial role in turbine manufacturing,with the selection of appropriate welding materials being essential for ensuring service reliability.As hydropower technology ad-vances and demand for large-scale efficient units increases,the performance standards for turbine materials are continuously rising.In high-head and large-capacity hydropower units,turbines face substantial mechanical loads and harsh environments.Therefore,stricter standards are put forward for the strength,toughness,and corrosion resistance of welding materials.The ad-vancements in high strength and toughness welding materials and technologies for heavy turbines are reviewed,focusing on critical components like runners,guide vanes,and spiral cases in high-head and large-capacity hydropower units.The key prob-lems of welding materials and technology in manufacturing process are discussed.The research trends of martensitic stainless steel,high-strength steel and composite materials for heavy turbines in China and abroad are systematically analyzed,highlight-ing new technologies like forge weld,additive manufacturing,and surface hardening.A life-cycle manufacturing strategy for op-timizing the strength,toughness and corrosion resistance of welding materials is proposed,aiming at optimizing the comprehen-sive performance of welding materials and ensuring the reliability and long-term stable operation of turbines under various working conditions.

关 键 词：水电机组 水轮机 焊接 增材制造 表面强化 马氏体不锈钢 

分 类 号：TG42[金属学及工艺—焊接]