磁场对复合铸造铝/钢双金属界面组织及结合性能的影响  

Effect of Magnetic Field on Interface Microstructure and Bonding Property of Al/Steel Bimetal by Compound Casting

作　　者：黄梦娇 徐宏[1] 张国伟[1] 张丹 宋和谦 吕伟泽 薛帅 HUANG Mengjiao;XU Hong;ZHANG Guowei;ZHANG Dan;SONG Heqian;LYU Weize;XUE Shuai(School of Materials Science and Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学材料科学与工程学院,太原030051

出　　处：《精密成形工程》2025年第3期198-206,共9页Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划(202103021224193)。

摘　　要：目的利用磁场改善铝/钢双金属界面的微观结构并提高其结合性能。方法通过磁场辅助复合铸造方法实现铝/钢双金属界面的冶金结合,采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及透射电子显微镜对双金属界面微观结构、元素分布和相组成等进行分析,借助万能试验机测试双金属界面结合性能,并利用光学显微镜对界面断口形貌进行表征。结果磁场在复合铸造过程中发挥着多维剪切流作用,不仅有效减薄了铝/钢双金属界面反应层的厚度,而且使界面反应层的形貌特征发生明显变化。在所选择的磁场电流参数(10、100、300 A)范围内,双金属界面均呈冶金结合状态,随着磁场电流参数的增加,界面反应层的厚度呈逐渐降低的趋势,由无磁场时的8.90μm降至4.50μm(300 A),界面反应层靠近铝合金一侧的形貌依次呈树突状、颈缩状、锯齿状特征。当磁场电流参数为100 A时,界面形成了由硬质相和软质相组成的复合结构,从而使铝/钢双金属呈现较高的界面结合强度,相较于无磁场时界面结合强度提高了83.8%。结论利用磁场辅助复合铸造能够有效改善铝/钢双金属界面的微观结构特征,进而提高双金属界面结合性能。The work aims to improve the interface microstructure and bonding property of the aluminum/steel bimetal.In this work,the aluminum/steel bimetal with the metallurgical bonding interface was realized by magnetic field assisted com-pound casting method.The interface microstructure,element distribution and phase composition of the bimetal were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The interface bonding property of the bimetal was also tested by universal testing machine,and the interface fracture morphology was characterized with an optical microscope.The magnetic field played a multi-dimensional shear flow role in the compound casting process,which not only effectively reduced the thickness of the interface reaction layer,but also significantly changed the morphology characteristics of the reaction layer.In the range of magnetic field current parameters(10 A,100 A and 300 A)selected in this work,the bimetal interface was in a metallurgical bonding state.With the increase of current parameter,the thickness of the re-action layer gradually decreased from 8.90μm without magnetic field to 4.50μm(300 A),and the morphology of the reaction layer near the aluminum alloy side showed dendritic,necking and dentate morphology characteristics in order.When the current parameter was 100 A,a composite structure consisting of hard phase and soft phase formed in the interface.This contributed to that the aluminum/steel bimetal presented a high interfacial bonding strength,which was 83.8%higher than that without mag-netic field.Thus,the magnetic field assisted compound casting can effectively improve the interface microstructure characteristics of aluminum/steel bimetal,and further improve the bonding property of the bimetal.

关 键 词：磁场 铝/钢双金属 复合铸造 界面组织 结合性能 

分 类 号：TG146.22[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG292[金属学及工艺—金属材料]