汉萨同盟对诺夫哥罗德贸易垄断政策考察  

Research on the Trade Monopoly Policy of the Hanseatic League to Novgorod

作　　者：李巧 Li Qiao

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《历史教学(下半月)》2025年第2期28-46,共19页History Teaching

基　　金：湖南省社科基金青年项目“近代俄国对华毛皮贸易研究(1689—1917)”(项目编号:21YBQ033)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：1192年与诺夫哥罗德确立贸易关系以后,汉萨同盟凭借经济、军事优势,对诺夫哥罗德实行垄断性经营。第一,享有系列贸易特权,如税收优惠、商品“添秤”权、债务清偿优先权等,为扩大在诺夫哥罗德的贸易规模创造有利条件。第二,实行严格的排外制度,限制诺夫哥罗德商人与非汉萨商人建立联系。第三,严厉控制交易商品的种类和价格,以从中牟取厚利。14—15世纪,诺夫哥罗德商人试图通过多种渠道改变这种不平等的贸易地位,但成效不大,这与双方实力悬殊及诺夫哥罗德不利的内外局势有关。随着汉萨同盟的衰落及俄罗斯统一国家的形成,诺夫哥罗德以强大中央集权国家为坚实后盾,最终同西欧各国建立平等、直接的经济联系。After establishing trade relations with Novgorod in 1192,the Hanseatic League exercised a monopoly over Novgorod with its economic and military advantages.In the 14th and 15th centuries,Novgorod merchants tried to change this unequal trade status through various channels,but the success was not great,which was related to the disparity of strength between the two sides and the unfavorable internal and external situation of Novgorod.With the decline of the Hanseatic League and the formation of a unified Russian state,Novgorod,backed by a strong centralized state,eventually established equal and direct economic ties with Western Europe.

关 键 词：汉萨同盟 诺夫哥罗德 贸易垄断 

分 类 号：K13[历史地理—历史学]