乾隆时期《粤海关进出口货物簿册》的发现及其史料价值  

The Discovery and Historical Significance of the Guangdong Customs Import and Export Records from the Qianlong Period

作　　者：汤开建 田映霞 Tang Kaijian;Tian Yingxia

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学,中国 [2]澳门科技大学社会和文化研究所,中国

出　　处：《历史教学(下半月)》2025年第2期63-96,共34页History Teaching

摘　　要：乾隆时期《粤海关进出口货物簿册》是唯一存世的清代粤海关进出口货物的中文档册,也是首次在国内学术界正式公布,故具有极高的史料价值。结合其他中西文献,本文对该档册的内容进行了全面考证和研究,得出了4年内所有来华船只的船名和船长姓名,并考证出原文中中文船名相应的西文名;梳理了4年来各国船只运进广州的外来商品和从广州购回的中国商品的数量,并指出了他们在广州进出口贸易中的地位。更为重要的是,这一套乾隆时期《粤海关进出口货物簿册》的发现,还可以订正英国东印度公司档案和西班牙广州商馆档案中所记录的进出口贸易数据,即用中文档案来订正西文档案。过去中国学者在明清中西贸易研究中始终不能拥有自己的话语权,其中最大的原因就是在中西贸易的文献和档案中没有一套完整系统的中文贸易数据,所有的商品种类和贸易数据大都依靠西文档案完成,而这一套新发现的拥有近200页的中西贸易中文档案的出现,在一定的程度上打破了西文档案对中西贸易数据的垄断,也在一定程度上增加了中国学者对清代中西贸易研究的话语权,这应该是研究这一套档案所具有的更为重要的学术意义。The Guangdong Customs Import and Export Records from the Qianlong period represents the only surviving Chinese document of its kind from Qing-era Guangdong Customs and has been officially disclosed to the Chinese academic community for the first time,giving it immense historical value.This paper conducts a comprehensive examination and study of the records,combining their contents with other Chinese and Western sources.It identifies the names of all ships arriving in China over four years,along with their captains’names,and matches the original ship names in Chinese with their corresponding Western names.Additionally,it organizes the foreign goods imported to Guangzhou and Chinese goods exported from Guangzhou over the four years,highlighting their roles in Guangzhou’s import and export trade.More importantly,the discovery of this Guangdong Customs Import and Export Records from the Qianlong period allows for the correction of trade data recorded in the archives of the British East India Company and the Spanish records.For the first time in the study of Sino-Western trade history,Chinese records are used to rectify Western archival data—an unprecedented historical phenomenon.In the past,Chinese scholars studying Sino-Western trade during the Ming and Qing dynasties lacked a strong voice primarily due to the scarcity of systematic trade data in Chinese archives.Most trade data and commodity categories relied on Western sources.The emergence of this newly discovered set of nearly complete Chinese-language records,comprising approximately 200 pages,on Sino-Western trade breaks the monopoly of Western archives on trade data to some extent.It also enhances the discourse power of Chinese scholars in Qing-era Sino-Western trade studies,which may represent the most significant academic contribution of researching these records.

关 键 词：乾隆时期 《粤海关进出口货物簿册》 英国东印度公司 法国东印度公 司 广州行商 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]