报刊与节日:机械印刷时期革命化春节的媒介化建构  

Newspapers and Festivals :The Mediatized Construction of the Revolutionary Spring Festival in the Era of Mechanical Printing

作　　者：张路凯 常启云 Zhang Lukai;Chang Qiyun

机构地区：[1]郑州大学新闻与传播学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《传媒观察》2025年第2期109-120,共12页Media Observer

摘　　要：新中国成立前后,在传统春节的发展演变中,革命化是值得关注的一个重要现象。论文围绕革命化春节的媒介化建构,尝试从印刷报刊的技术特性与媒介逻辑入手,考察传统春节如何“革命化”。中华民国时期对“过年”的批判性改造,借助报刊的“聚光灯效应”,使传统春节成为被改造的他者,打破了传统文化及惯习的不言自明性,为之后革命化改造奠定基础。中国共产党则借助“党管媒体”的理念与机制以及报刊本身的可见性、复制性、传播性等,塑造了一个标准化、可复制的革命化春节。一方面在春节主题、活动上进行革命化渲染,另一方面通过建立读报小组、开展冬学运动等方式破解农民的识字困境以及媒介接触障碍,最大化拓展报刊影响力。在这一过程中,既体现了中国共产党对民俗的尊重,在洞悉民俗心理基础上将政治意识纳入其中;也体现了民众对政治以及媒介的反向作用,使节日传统借媒介而得以生存,展现出政治、媒介以及节日文化三者的博弈。The revolutionization of the traditional Spring Festival is a significant phenomenon in its historical development. This article examines the mediated construction of the revolutionary Spring Festival,focusing on how the traditional festival was revolutionized through the technical characteristics and media logic of the printed press. The inherent "spotlight effect" of the press positioned the traditional Spring Festival as the other,disrupting its self-evident cultural status and laying the groundwork for its revolutionary transformation. The Communist Party of China(CPC)leveraged the press' s monopoly over resources,visibility,and reproducibility to construct a standardized and reproducible revolutionary Spring Festival atmosphere. This transformation operated on two levels :first,through the revolutionization of New Year themes and activities,and second,by breaking literacy and media access barriers among peasants via newspaper reading groups and the Winter School Campaign,thereby maximizing the press' s influence. The CPC's approach—integrating folklore with political consciousness while respecting traditional customs—enabled a complex interplay between politics,media,and festival culture. At the same time,the people engaged in a reverse adaptation,utilizing politics and media to preserve traditional festival practices through mediatization. This dynamic reflects the entanglement and negotiation among politics,media,and cultural traditions in shaping the evolution of the Spring Festival.

关 键 词：革命化春节 媒介化 机械复制 印刷报刊 媒介建构 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]