公司归入权规则的反思与重构  

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Rule of Corporate Disgorgement Rights

作　　者：岳万兵 Yue Wanbing

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2025年第2期83-94,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：公司归入权的本源可追溯至亚里士多德的公正哲学及“不得损害他人获益”的自然法原理,具有坚实的法理正当性。但应认识到,公司归入权作为不当获益处置规则的公司法体现,其规范设计的合理与否及功能解释的恰当与否,既要辨明私法与公法不当获益处置的界限,还必须明晰其与不当得利、无因管理、惩罚性赔偿、损害赔偿等近似规则之间,及其与违约获益交出、侵权获益交出等其它获益交出规则间的异同。长期以来,我国公司归入权的制度设计忽略了公法与私法获益处置的界限,也混淆了私法获益返还与交出的区别,故也难就其适用标准加以统一,致该制度长久虚置。我国目前的公司归入权规则应在制度关系、适用场景、归入范围、适用主体等方面进行全方位调整,以释放该制度对于抑制公司信义主体机会主义行为、完善公司治理机制、实现公司法语境下的矫正公正等不可或缺的重要作用。The origin of the right of disgorgement of a company can be traced back to Aristotle's philosophy of justice and the natural law principle of"not harming the interests of others",which has solid legal legitimacy.However,it should be recognized that the right of disgorgement,as a manifestation of the rules for the disposal of improper benefits in company law,requires a clear distinction between private law and public law in terms of the rationality of its normative design and the appropriateness of its functional interpretation.It is also necessary to clarify its similarities and differences with similar rules such as improper benefits,management without cause,punitive damages,and damages,as well as with other rules for the surrender of benefits such as breach of contract and infringement.For a long time,the system design of the right of disgorgement in Chinese companies has ignored the boundary between public law and private law benefit disposal,and confused the difference between the return and surrender of private law benefit disposal.Therefore,it is difficult to unify its applicable standards,resulting in the long-term virtualization of this system.The current rules on the right of disgorgement of companies in China should be comprehensively adjusted in terms of institutional relationships,applicable scenarios,scope of disgorgement,and applicable subjects,in order to unleash the indispensable role of this system in suppressing opportunistic behavior of corporate fiduciary subjects.

关 键 词：归入权 信义义务 获益交出 不当得利 损害赔偿 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]