过失危险犯立法模式的扬弃与替代  

Sublation and Substitution of the Negligent Potential Damage Offense Legislative Mode

作　　者：敦宁 Dun Ning

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2025年第2期109-120,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“预防型犯罪的法治体系构造研究”(19BFX068)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在风险社会背景下,为了实现法益保护早期化,过失危险犯立法模式受到了积极的理论倡导。然而,我国刑法立法对此却持消极态度,被认为属于过失危险犯的妨害传染病防治罪、危险作业罪、醉驾型危险驾驶罪等,其实都是他种危险犯类型。原因在于,过失危险犯本身存在一定的局限性,即适用范围狭窄、法益保护不足和司法判断模糊。有鉴于此,我国应当寻求更为良好的替代性危险犯立法模式。在预防刑法领域,各国近年来的刑法立法普遍采取的是抽象危险犯的立法模式。但传统的抽象危险犯本身存在一定弊端,也与我国“刑罚+行政处罚”的双层次制裁体系不相协调,因而不宜过多设置。与之相比,准抽象危险犯立法模式的功能优势更为突出,且已被我国刑法立法积极接纳,未来可在危害公共安全等重大法益领域扩大适用。Under the background of risk society,in order to realize the protection of legal interests in forepart,the legislative mode of negligent potential damage offense has been positively advocated by theories.However,China's criminal law legislation has a negative attitude towards it,and the crimes such as impairing prevention and treatment of infectious disease and dangerous operation and drunken driving potential damage offense,which are considered to be negligent potential damage offense,are in fact other types of potential damage offense.The reason is that negligent potential damage offense itself has certain limitations,namely,narrow scope of application,insufficient protection of legal interests and vague judicial judgment.In view of this,China should seek an even better alternative potential damage offense legislative mode.In the field of preventive criminal law,the criminal law legislation of various countries in recent years has generally adopted the legislative mode of abstract potential damage offense.However,the traditional abstract potential damage offense itself has certain drawbacks and is not in harmony with China's two-tier sanction system of criminal penalty and administrative punishment,so it is not appropriate to set up too many of them.In contrast,the functional advantages of the quasi-abstract potential damage offense legislative mode are more prominent,and it has been actively accepted by China's criminal law legislation,so that it can be expanded in the future to apply in the feld of endangering public security and other major legal interests.

关 键 词：法益保护 过失危险犯 准抽象危险犯 立法模式 预防刑法 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]