脑机接口新发展背景下法律权利体系探析  

An Analysis of Legal Rights System Under the Background of New Development of Brain-Computer Interface

作　　者：吴旭阳[1] Wu Xuyang

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2025年第2期121-133,共13页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2021年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“智能裁判系统设计中‘知识整理’理论与实证研究”(21YJA820024)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着脑机接口技术的迅速发展,其对于隐私保护、安全、主体性及责任承担等法律制度和理论构成了挑战,需要我们对相关基本权利问题进行研究。国内外已经开始在相关领域进行一些原则性规定或者软法的治理探索,对“认知自由”等理论性问题进行初步探讨,并在法学上具有建构相关权利的需求和部分基础。这要求我们要对相关权利及体系进行思考和建构,以期从本源上为未来法律制度的建设打下坚实的基础。当下的法学除了通过数字法学的研究对相关问题进行了部分讨论,还在自由意志等问题的交叉研究能够契合脑机接口的科技和应用,相关研究能够为脑机接口的基本权利思考提供部分的知识基础和参考意义。但脑机接口视野下的基本权利体系还需要结合新的神经技术和理论,可以探索建构以“认知自由”为核心,并重点关注精神隐私、精神健全、心理连续性等权利在内的权利体系。With the rapid development of brain-computer interface technology,it poses a challenge to the legal system and theory of privacy protection,security,subjectivity and responsibility,which requires us to study related basic rights and other issues.At home and abroad,some principled provisions or soft law governance explorations have begun in related fields,and preliminary discussions have been conducted on theoretical issues such as"cognitive freedom",and there is a need and part of the foundation for the construction of relevant rights in law.This requires us to think and construct the relevant rights and systems,in order to lay a solid foundation for the construction of the future legal system from the source.The existing legal research not only discusses some related issues through the study of digital law,but also matches the research on free will and other issues with new neurotechnologies and applications to a certain extent,and relevant research can provide some knowledge basis and reference significance for the basic rights thinking of BCI.However,the basic rights system from the perspective of brain-computer interface needs to be combined with new technologies and theories,which can explore the construction of a rights system with"cognitive freedom"as the core and and focusing on the right to mental privacy,the right to mental integrity,right to psychological continuity and other rights.

关 键 词：脑机接口 基本权利 权利体系 认知自由 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]