刑行衔接中“重复评价”的生成逻辑与概念辨证  

The Generative Logic and Conceptual Dialectics of"Repeated Evaluation"in the Connection of Punishment and Execution

作　　者：罗建武 Luo Jianwu

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2025年第2期146-157,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2023年度江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“法定犯时代下行刑衔接的实体问题研究”(2023SJZD002);华东政法大学刑事法学院2024年度苏惠渔刑法学研究基金项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国刑事司法的实际特点和法学理论界的主流观点认为,进行全面双重评价并不是重复评价,其理论基础支撑乃是坚持刑事不法与行政不法完全差异说、刑事处罚与行政处罚完全差异说和刑法之功能目的与行政法之功能目的完全差异说,这其中的根本逻辑在于认为立法规定不同,进而主张行政处罚与刑事处罚同时适用具有合理性。但实质上,无论内在逻辑,还是目的追求,都与刑法上所禁止的重复评价一致。在厘清基本范畴基础上,宜将刑行衔接中的“重复评价”界定为:就同一不法行为,刑法与行政法对人身危险性与社会危害性进行循环、反复认定,以及对违法性重视宏观性、形式化判断,进而依托司法入罪和刑罚加重,共同追求社会防卫目的的二次及以上评价处罚行为。理性的刑行互动关系应当避免“曾经有违法、终生打标签、反复来评价”逻辑下对制裁严厉性的严重依赖,以及双重违法性理应双重评价制裁的重罚式预防机制。而前述概念界定,正是为了构建“罚过不理”“出罚入刑”的刑行良性互动机制,有利于对公平处罚行为人与社会防卫、制裁式事后惩治与预防性综合治理之间的失衡关系予以调整优化。The practical characteristics of criminal justice in our country and the prevailing view within legal theory circles maintain that comprehensive dual evaluation does not constitute repeated evaluation.This stance is grounded in the assertion of complete distinctions between criminal wrongdoing and administrative wrongdoing,between criminal penalties and administrative penalties,and between the functional objectives of criminal law and administrative law.The fundamental logic rests on differing legislative provisions,thereby justifying the simultaneous application of administrative and criminal penalties.However,in essence,both the internal logic and the pursuit of objectives align with the prohibition against repeated evaluation under criminal law.Based on clarifying fundamental categories,it is appropriate to define"repeated evaluation"in the context of the intersection between criminal and administrative law as follows:for the same illegal act,criminal law and administrative law conduct cyclical and repetitive assessments of personal danger and social harm,emphasizing macro-level and formal judgments of illegality,and subsequently relying on judicial criminalization and penalty enhancement to jointly pursue the objective of social defense.Rational interaction between punishment and action should avoid over-reliance on severe sanctions under the logic of"having violated the law,being labeled for life,and repeatedly evaluated,'as well as a heavy prevention mechanism that advocates double illegality should lead to double evaluation of sanctions.The above definition aims to establish a benign interaction mechanism of"ignoring excessive punishment"and"granting appropriate punishment,"which facilitates adjusting and optimizing the imbalanced relationship between fair punishment of offenders and social defense,post-sanction punishment,and preventive comprehensive management.

关 键 词：双重评价 社会防卫目的 刑行重复评价 惩罚适当性 出罚入刑 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]