约旦的巴勒斯坦难民政策及其影响因素与特点  

Jordan's Policies on Palestine Refugees and Their Influencing Factors and Characteristics

作　　者：孙慧敏 SUN Huimin(School of Marxism,Henan University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学马克思主义学院,洛阳471023

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2025年第1期85-109,159,共26页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金重大项目“新编中东国家通史(多卷本)”(LSYD21021)的阶段性研究成果;西北工业大学约旦研究中心的资助。

摘　　要：自1948年以来,巴勒斯坦难民问题久拖未决且日趋严重。约旦作为接收巴勒斯坦难民最多的国家之一,七十多年间,其巴勒斯坦难民政策经历了从开放、收缩到压制的变化。在具体的政策实施内容上,文化方面的政策始终如一,即同化巴勒斯坦难民;经济、军事、外交方面的措施看似相反,实则相承,基本上是直接或间接地服务于政治需求。约旦巴勒斯坦难民政策的影响因素十分复杂。国内因素方面,政治上经历了从阿拉伯民族主义向约旦民族主义的蜕变,经济上经历了从机遇到压力的变化;国外因素方面,区域内从国家间的博弈到动荡局势的影响,国际上由英国的支持到美国的掣肘与收缩。约旦的巴勒斯坦难民政策具有系统性、针对性、自主性和包容性等特点。对于境内的多数巴勒斯坦难民而言,约旦的政策让他们缺乏归属感,渴望回归故土。回归权对于巴勒斯坦难民有着重要的意义。The problem of the Palestine refugees has remained unresolved and is getting worse.As one of the largest host countries for Palestine refugees,Jordan's policies on Palestine refugees have undergone a change from openness to contraction to compression over the past 70 years.In terms of specific policies implementation,the cultural policy has been consistent,that is the assimilation of Palestinian refugees;Economic,military,and diplomatic measures seem to be opposite,but in fact they are the same,and basically serve the political needs directly or indirectly.The influencing factors of Jordan's Palestine refugee policies are complex,in terms of domestic factors,the political side has undergone a metamorphosis from Arab nationalism to Jordanian nationalism,and the economic side has undergone a change from opportunity to pressure;In terms of foreign factors,regional factors range from the games between countries to the impact of turbulent situations,and international factors range from the support of the United Kingdom to the constraints and contraction of the United States.Jordan's policies on Palestine refugees are characterized by systematic,targeted,autonomous and inclusive.For most of the Palestine refugees in the country,Jordanian policies have left them with a lack of a sense of belonging and a desire to return to their homeland.The right of return is of great importance to the Palestine refugees.

关 键 词：约旦 巴勒斯坦难民政策 难民 回归权 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]