不同Cd污染水平对水田土壤真菌群落结构影响分析  

Influencing Mechanism of Different Cd Pollution Levels on Fungal Communities in Paddy Soil

作　　者：林耀奔 李光宇 LIN Yao-ben;LI Guang-yu(School of Law and Public Affairs,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China;School of Public Administration,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China;Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学法政学院,江苏南京211816 [2]浙江财经大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310018 [3]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2025年第1期226-238,共13页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42301230);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M723234);江苏省科技计划专项资金(创新支撑计划软科学研究)(BR2023019-4);江苏省生产力学会重点课题(JSSCL2021A003);农业现代化与乡村振兴研究中心2022年度重点课题(XCZX-002)。

摘　　要：真菌群落是土壤物理化学过程的重要推动者,部分菌属具有抑制Cd污染的作用,可在一定程度上保证粮食的质量和安全。选取中国重要的粮食生产区A县,根据所获取的土壤Cd污染数据,随意挑选50块水田进行采样,运用实验室化验测算土壤基本理化性质和重金属含量,采用高通量测序技术检测土壤真菌群落,并分析不同Cd污染水平对土壤真菌群落的影响机制。通过运用地质积累指数(GI)和Nerome综合指数(NI)评价土壤中Cd的污染水平,结果显示,研究区中存在重度污染(Ⅳ,NI>3)和中度污染((Ⅲ,2<NI≤3))两种污染水平。研究结果表明:(1)在Cd重度污染的土壤环境中,真菌群落丰富度指数Sobs、Chao和多样性指数Shannon、Invsimpson均显著高于中度污染水平样本。(2)在Cd重度污染水平的土壤样本中共有Ascomycota等4种真菌门类相对丰度分别与Cr、Hg、Pb、As、Hg含量显著正相关,Penicillium等5种菌属与Cu、Pb、Hg、Ni含量显著正相关。(3)Cd重度污染的土壤环境中真菌群落的病理-共生过渡型、腐生-共生过渡型、病理-腐生-共生过渡型等功能丰度在p<0.05水平上要显著高于中度污染区。这些结果表明,在Cd污染的土壤环境中,仍然存在一些重金属耐受性菌种,能起到土壤能量循环和有效降解重金属毒性的作用。Fungal communities are important drivers of soil physicochemical processes,and some fungal genera have the ability to inhibit Cd pollution,to ensure the quality and safety of food.An important grain production area,County A in China was selected in this study.50 paddy fields were randomly selected for sampling to obtain soil Cd pollution data.The basic physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of the soil were examined in laboratory.Soil fungal communities were detected using high-throughput sequencing technology.By using the Geological Accumulation Index(GI)and Nerome Comprehensive Index(NI),the pollution level of Cd in soil was evaluated.It was showed that there were two pollution levels in this study area,i.e.severe pollution(IV,NI>3)and moderate pollution(III,2<NI≤3).The research results indicated that:(1)The fungal community richness index Sobs,Chao and Diversity index Shannon,Invsimpson were significantly higher for Cd severe pollution,than those with a moderate pollution level.(2)The relative abundance of four fungal phyla,including Ascomycota,was significantly positively correlated with Cr,Hg,Pb,As,and Hg contents in soil samples with a severe Cd pollution level.Meanwhile,five fungal genera including Penicillium were significantly positively correlated with Cu,Pb,Hg,and Ni contents.(3)The functional abundance of fungal communities in soil environments heavily polluted by Cd,including pathological symbiotic,saprophytic symbiotic,and pathological saprophytic symbiotic transition,was significantly higher than those in the moderately polluted areas at a p<0.05 level.These results indicated that there were still certain heavy metal tolerant bacterial strains that could play a role in soil energy cycling and effectively degraded heavy metal toxicity in Cd polluted soil environments.

关 键 词：CD污染 土壤真菌群落 高通量测序 真菌功能 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] X14[农业科学—农业基础科学]