2020-2024年某三甲医院医务人员职业暴露情况调查及防控措施分析  

Survey and analysis of occupational exposure and prevention measures of medical personnel in a tertiary hospital from 2020 to 2024

作　　者：叶满华 查芳俊 YE Manhua;CHA Fangjun(Jingdezhen Second People’s Hospital,Jingdezhen 333000,China)

机构地区：[1]景德镇市第二人民医院,江西景德镇333000

出　　处：《现代医院》2025年第3期459-462,共4页Modern Hospitals

摘　　要：目的调查某三甲医院医务人员职业暴露情况,为防控措施提供有效依据。方法对某院380位医务人员2020-2024年职业暴露情况进行问卷调查并采用多因素分析医务人员职业暴露影响因素。结果本研究共发放380份问卷,回收有效问卷363份,有效回收率95.53%。调查显示,2020-2024年间,某院共发生140例医务人员职业暴露事件,发生率38.57%。其中职业类别主要为护士(57.14%),其次为实习护士(25.00%)和医生(13.57%);年龄≤25岁暴露人员占比(47.14%)最高,且工龄<5年(55.71%)的医务人员更易发生职业暴露;职业暴露分布的场所较广,其中以病房(47.14%)和手术室(17.86%)居多;暴露方式多为锐器伤(80.00%),暴露部位主要为手部(86.43%),暴露环节主要为拔针(26.43%)和注射(16.43%),操作不谨慎(61.43%)为暴露发生的主要原因;暴露源以乙型肝炎病毒(40.00%)最多,大多数(94.29%)医务人员能在暴露后采取规范的应急处理措施并完成血液检查。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄相对较小、工龄越短、职业培训次数越少、心理素质较差是医务人员发生职业暴露的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论应针对职业暴露特点制定有效的防控措施,加强对医务人员的岗前培训,预防职业暴露的发生,保障医务人员安全。Objective To investigate the occupational exposure of medical staff in a Grade A hospital and provide effective basis for prevention and control measures.Methods 380 medical staff in our hospital from 2020 to 2024 were investigated by questionnaire and the influencing factors of occupational exposure were analyzed by multivariate analysis.Results A total of 380 questionnaires were sent out and 363 valid questionnaires were recovered.The effective recovery rate was 95.53%.The survey showed that from 2020 to 2024,there were 140 occupational exposure events of medical staff in our hospital,with an incidence rate of 38.57%.The occupational category is mainly nurses(57.14%),followed by trainee nurses(25.00%)and doctors(13.57%);proportion of exposed persons aged≤25 years(47.14%)the highest,and the length of service<5 years(55.71%)were more likely to have occupational exposure,and the occupational exposure was distributed widely in wards.(47.14%)and operating rooms(17.86%),and most of the exposure ways were sharp injuries(80.00%),the main exposure site was hands(86.43%),the main exposure links were needle withdrawal(26.43%)and injection(16.43%),careless operation(61.43%)was the main cause of exposure,the most exposure source was hepatitis B virus(40.00%),most(94.29%)medical staff could take standardized emergency treatment measures and complete blood examination after exposure.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that relatively younger age,shorter working experience,less vocational training and poorer psychological quality were independent risk factors for occupational exposure(P<0.05).Conclusion Effective prevention and control measures should be formulated according to the characteristics of occupational exposure,pre-job training should be strengthened to prevent occupational exposure and ensure the safety of medical personnel.

关 键 词：医务人员 职业暴露 特征调查 危险因素 防控措施 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R197.323.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]