赣江支流锦江流域日降雨侵蚀力模型建立及应用  

Modeling and application of daily rainfall erosivity in Jinjiang River Basin,a tributary of the Ganjiang River

作　　者：陈新如 刘惠英[1] 张佳芯 李益朋 江笑成 Chen Xinru;Liu Huiying;Zhang Jiaxin;Li Yipeng;Jiang Xiaocheng(School of Hydraulic Engineering,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China;Yaohu College,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院水利工程学院,南昌330099 [2]南昌工程学院瑶湖学院,南昌330099

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第3期1-7,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：2023年度江西省科学教育学会在校研究生课题(2023KXJYS010);南昌工程学院2023大学生创新创业训练计划立项项目(2023094);南昌工程学院2024大学生创新创业训练计划立项项目(2024146)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究影响赣江支流锦江流域降雨侵蚀力的主导雨型,构建日降雨侵蚀力的估算模型,寻找降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征,为减少土壤侵蚀的潜在风险,确保区域生态安全的可持续发展提供数据支撑。[方法]基于2021年的5 min雨量数据,揭示锦江流域在特定年份的降雨特征,构建针对研究区的日降雨侵蚀力模型,并与其他模型进行评估并量化偏差,随后,应用长时间序列的数据分析了R因子在流域内的时空异质性。[结果](1)研究区2021年降雨多以小中雨为主,但大雨和暴雨是降雨量的主要来源,降雨侵蚀力集中在3—8月,与强降雨事件的分布时间一致;(2)模型率定指标MAPE值为0.07~0.21,RMSE为170.55~689.38,MBE为-191.02~136.62,NSE为0.47~0.90,各月指标均是构建模型结果最佳,验证了模型在研究区的优越性;(3)流域R因子在7000 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h·a)以上,标志着该区域的降雨条件对土壤侵蚀具有显著的潜在影响,其中大雨和暴雨所产生的侵蚀力贡献了57%~70%。[结论]流域强降雨是造成降雨侵蚀力高值的主要原因,多年平均降雨侵蚀力集中在西北部,在设计和实施水土保护措施时,需要特别考虑这类降雨事件的应对方案。[Objective]This study aims to explore the dominant rainfall patterns influencing the rainfall erosivity in the Jinjiang River Basin,a tributary of the Ganjiang River,and construct an estimation model for daily rainfall erosivity to identify its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics,providing data support for mitigating potential soil erosion risks and ensuring sustainable development of regional ecological security.[Methods]Based on the 5 minutes rainfall data from 2021,the rainfall characteristics of the Jinjiang River Basin for that year were revealed.A daily rainfall erosivity model tailored to the study area was constructed,evaluated against other models,and deviations were quantified.Subsequently,long-term data series were applied to analyze the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the R-factor in the basin.[Results](1)In 2021,rainfall in the study area was mainly light to moderate,but heavy rainfall and storms were the primary sources of total rainfall.Rainfall erosivity was concentrated from March to August,aligning with the distribution time of intense rainfall events;(2)The model calibration indicators showed that the MAPE values ranged from 0.07 to 0.21,RMSE ranged from 170.55 to 689.38,MBE ranged from-191.02 to 136.62,and NSE ranged from 0.47 to 0.90.The indicators for each month showed the best results,verifying the superiority of the model in the study area;(3)The R-factor in the basin was above 7000 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h·a),indicating that the rainfall conditions in the region have a significant potential impact on soil erosion.Erosive forces generated by heavy rainfall and storms contributed 57%to 70%of the total erosivity.[Conclusion]Intense rainfall within the basin was the primary cause of high rainfall erosivity.The multi-year average rainfall erosivity was concentrated in the northwestern part of the region.When designing and implementing soil and water conservation measures,special consideration must be given to response plans for such rainfall events.

关 键 词：降雨侵蚀力 次降雨 估算模型 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]