不同梯田修筑方式下土壤分离能力变化及影响因素  

Variations in soil detachment capacity and influencing factors under different terrace construction methods

作　　者：常恒 方怒放[1,2] 王卓霄 戴伟 彭心 Chang Heng;Fang Nufang;Wang Zhuoxiao;Dai Wei;Peng Xin(College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第3期91-97,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177335);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2452023071)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究不同梯田修筑方式下土壤分离能力差异及其主要影响因素,为土壤侵蚀过程模型的构建提供理论依据。[方法]以黄土高原不同修筑方式的梯田(人工梯田和机修梯田)为研究对象,通过采集土壤样品并测定土壤性质及土壤分离能力,揭示人工梯田和机修梯田土壤分离能力的差异,并进一步分析土壤分离能力的主要影响因素。[结果](1)与机修梯田相比,人工梯田的田间持水量、饱和含水量、孔隙度、有机质含量、平均重量直径分别增加了24.81%,24.55%,8.84%,99.47%,144.39%(p<0.05),土壤含水量、容重分别减少了34.47%,8.17%(p<0.05);(2)不同水流剪切力条件下,机修梯田的土壤分离能力显著高于人工梯田(p<0.05);(3)相关性分析和偏最小二乘路径模型表明,田间持水量、容重、孔隙度和平均重量直径是影响土壤分离能力的主要因素。[结论]不同梯田修筑方式下土壤分离能力存在显著差异,田间持水量、容重、孔隙度和平均重量直径在构建土壤分离能力预测模型时应加以重视。[Objective]This study aims to explore the differences in soil detachment capacity under various terrace construction methods and their main influencing factors,thereby providing a theoretical basis for developing soil erosion process models.[Methods]This study focused on both manually and mechanically constructed terraces on the Loess Plateau.Soil samples were collected to determine soil properties and soil detachment capacity.The study revealed the differences in soil detachment capacity between the two types of terraces and further analyzed the primary factors influencing soil detachment capacity.[Results](1)Compared to mechanically constructed terraces,manually constructed terraces exhibited increases of 24.81%,24.55%,8.84%,99.47%,and 144.39%(p<0.05)in field water-holding capacity,saturated water content,porosity,organic matter content,and mean weight diameter,respectively,while moisture content and bulk density reduced by 34.47%and 8.17%(p<0.05),respectively.(2)Under different flow shear stress conditions,the soil detachment capacity of mechanically constructed terraces was significantly higher than that of manually constructed terraces(p<0.05).(3)Correlation analysis and partial least square path modeling indicated that field water-holding capacity,bulk density,porosity,and mean weight diameter were the main factors affecting soil detachment capacity.[Conclusion]There are significant differences in soil detachment capacity among terraces constructed using different methods.Field waterholding capacity,bulk density,porosity,and mean weight diameter should be prioritized when developing predictive models for soil detachment capacity.

关 键 词：人工梯田 机修梯田 土壤性质 土壤分离能力 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]