东北平原土体厚度和土壤水分的空间变异  

Spatial variation of soil thickness and soil moisture in the Northeast Plain

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作  者:黄艳平 罗贵文 高林海 付金霞[1] 李志[1] Huang Yanping;Luo Guiwen;Gao Linhai;Fu Jinxia;Li Zhi(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区:[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出  处:《水土保持研究》2025年第3期108-118,共11页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基  金:国家重点研发计划项目课题(2022YFD1500102);国家自然科学基金(41807070)。

摘  要:[目的]研究东北平原土体厚度和土壤水分的空间变异特征,为黑土资源合理利用与有效保护提供重要理论参考。[方法]基于2010—2018年90 m分辨率土体厚度数据和1 km分辨率0—100 cm深土壤分层水分数据,利用GIS技术分析了东北平原土体厚度和土壤水分在主要环境因素(气候带、地形地貌、土壤质地)下的空间分布特征。[结果](1)土体厚度松嫩平原(平均144 cm)>辽河平原(平均113 cm)>三江平原(平均103 cm),土壤水分三江平原(均值31.1%)>松嫩平原(均值29.3%)>辽河平原(均值24.9%)。土壤表层0—20 cm水分含量较高。当土体厚度<60 cm时,土壤水分随深度增大呈减小趋势;而土体厚度>60 cm时,土壤水分随深度增大呈先减小再增大趋势。(2)土体厚度在中温带半湿润地区最厚,在中温带半干旱地区最薄。冲积平原和湖积平原区土体厚度最大。土体厚度与高程、坡度总体呈负相关,300 m高程以下、坡度5°以下(特别是2°以下)土体较厚,但辽河平原在高程400~600 m出现增厚现象。(3)土壤水分在中温带湿润地区含量最大,在中温带半干旱地区含量最小。辽河平原土壤水分随高程增加呈缓慢减小—增大—减小趋势,松嫩、三江平原则总体呈缓慢增大趋势。辽河、松嫩平原土壤水分随坡度增大总体呈缓慢增大趋势,三江平原则变化较稳定。砂黏土、黏壤的水分含量较高,砂土、砂壤、粉壤的水分含量较低。[结论]东北平原土体厚度和土壤水分受气候、地形和土壤质地等因素影响显著,三江、松嫩、辽河平原间呈现明显区域差异。[Objective]This study aims to investigate the spatial variation characteristics of soil thickness and soil moisture in the Northeast Plain,providing important theoretical reference for the rational utilization and effective protection of black soil resources.[Methods]Based on soil thickness data with 90 m resolution and 1 km resolution layered soil moisture data at depths of 0—100 cm from 2010 to 2018,GIS technology was used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil thickness and soil moisture in the Northeast Plain under the influence of major environmental factors(climate zones,topography,soil texture).[Results](1)The Songnen Plain had the highest soil thickness(average 144 cm),followed by the Liaohe Plain(average 113 cm)and the Sanjiang Plain(average 103 cm).The Sanjiang Plain had the highest soil moisture(mean 31.1%),followed by the Songnen Plain(mean 29.3%)and the Liaohe Plain(mean 24.9%).The soil moisture content was highest in the 0—20 cm soil surface layer.When soil thickness was less than 60 cm,soil moisture decreased with increasing depth.When soil thickness exceeded 60 cm,soil moisture initially decreased and then increased with increasing depth.(2)The thickest soil layer was found in the mid-temperate semi-humid region,while the thinnest was in the mid-temperate semi-arid region.Alluvial plain and lacustrine plain exhibited the largest soil thickness.Soil thickness was generally negatively correlated with altitude and slope,and soil was thicker below 300 m altitude and with a slope of less than 5°,especially 2°.However,an anomaly of increased thickness was observed at altitudes between 400 m and 600 m in the Liaohe Plain.(3)Soil moisture content was highest in the midtemperate humid region and lowest in the mid-temperate semi-arid region.In the Liaohe Plain,soil moisture showed a slowly decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend with increasing altitude,while in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain,the trend was generally a slow increase.Soil moisture in the Liaohe Plain and Songne

关 键 词:东北平原 土体厚度 土壤水分 环境因素 空间分布 

分 类 号:S157[农业科学—土壤学]

 

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