东北黑土带典型农田土壤质量退化评价  

Soil quality degradation evaluation of typical farmland in the black soil belt of northeast China

作　　者：张娜丽 澹腾辉 郭忠录[1] 蔡崇法[1] Zhang Nali;Tan Tenghui;Guo Zhonglu;Cai Chongfa(Faculty of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Hubei Fangyuan Dongli Electric Power Science Research Corporation,Wuhan 430000)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北方源东力电力科学研究有限公司,武汉430000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第3期130-139,共10页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“侵蚀退化农田生态生产功能重建机制和提升关键技术与示范”(2021YFD1500803)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究东北黑土带土壤指标和质量退化情况,为确保东北黑土带黑土资源的长期持续利用和粮食生产安全提供科学依据。[方法]以黑龙江省嫩江、海伦、宾县3个研究区典型坡耕地为研究对象,采用土壤抗性指数、土壤退化指数、土壤质量指数和相对土壤质量指数4个指标,分析了不同坡位、土层深度和纬度对土壤性质和质量的影响。[结果](1)三地农田土壤性质退化严重,其中有机质、全氮和砂粒受干扰影响强且退化程度最严重,南北样带上,全氮、pH和黏粒退化程度表现为宾县最高、嫩江最低,而土壤容重、粉粒则呈相反趋势,速效磷、全钾退化程度则为宾县最低;(2)随土层深度增加,土壤质量退化程度逐渐减小,表现为土壤质量0—40 cm土层呈退化状态,40—120 cm土层基本无退化;(3)通过RDA分析得知,土层深度、年均气温、年均降水量、开垦年限和坡位对土壤性质退化和质量退化存在显著影响,表明环境因子和开垦年限对土壤性质退化和质量退化起决定作用。[结论]东北黑土带农田土壤理化性质和质量退化较为严重,土壤质量退化程度从北到南逐渐增大,且随土层深度增加逐渐减小。[Objective]To explore the degradation of soil indexes and quality in the black soil belt of Northeast China,so as to provide a scientific basis for ensuring the long-term sustainable utilization of black soil resources and the safety of grain production in the black soil belt of Northeast China.[Methods]The typical sloping cultivated lands in the three study areas of Nenjiang,Hailun and Binxian in Heilongjiang Province was sampled and analyzed.The effects of slope positions,soil depth and latitude on soil indicators and quality were analyzed by using four indexes:soil resistance index,soil degradation index,soil quality index and relative soil quality index.[Results](1)The soil properties of farmland in the three regions were seriously degraded,among which organic matter,total nitrogen and sand particles were strongly affected by disturbance and the degradation degree was the most serious,and the degradation degree of total nitrogen,pH and clay particles was the highest in Binxian and the lowest in Nenjiang,while the soil bulk density and silt particles showed an opposite trend,and the degradation degree of available phosphorus and total potassium was the lowest in Binxian(.2)With the increase of soil depth,the degree of soil quality degradation gradually decreased,which was manifested as the degradation of the soil layer of 0—40 cm and the degradation of the soil layer of 40—120 cm(.3)Through RDA analysis,it was found that soil depth,average annual temperature,average annual precipitation,reclamation years and slope had significant effects on soil indicator degradation and quality degradation,indicating that environmental factors and reclamation years played a decisive role in soil property degradation and quality degradation.[Conclusion]The degradation of soil physical and chemical properties and quality of farmland in the black soil belt of Northeast China is serious.The degree of soil quality degradation gradually increased from north to south,and gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth.

关 键 词：土壤质量 土壤退化 冗余分析 土层深度 东北黑土带 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]