降雨类型对滇中桉树人工林降雨分配的影响  

Effects of rainfall types on rainfall distribution in Eucalyptus plantations in central Yunnan Plateau

作　　者：黄新会[1] 陈奇伯[1] 于福科[2] Huang Xinhui;Chen Qibo;Yu Fuke(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;School of Ecology and Environmental Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学水土保持学院,昆明650224 [2]云南大学生态与环境学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第3期170-179,共10页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460191);云南省科技计划项目农业联合专项(202401BD070001-114);西南林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治学云南省一流学科开放课题(SBK20240024)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析林外降雨特征,探究林外降雨类型,阐明降雨类型对生态公益型桉树人工林冠层降雨分配的影响,为森林生态水文研究和科学评价桉树人工林生态水文效应提供科学依据。[方法]通过3年的连续观测,分析了相距6 km的两林龄桉树人工林的林外降雨、林内穿透雨和树干流,发现降雨类型对降雨分配有显著影响。[结果](1)研究期两林龄林分降雨总量及分配情况相似,均为穿透雨最多(56%~58%),其次为林冠截留(41%~44%),树干流最少(0.4%~0.8%)。林外降雨量、降雨历时和最大30分钟雨强(I_(30))与次降雨分配相关性最强,平均相关系数超0.68。(2)采用聚类方法林外降雨可分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型降雨,分别代表中雨、大雨、暴雨和小雨,林外同类降雨在两种林龄间无显著差异(Ⅳ型除外)。(3)4种降雨类型中,暴雨的滞后效应和林冠截留率最低,中雨和大雨之间无显著差别(p>0.05);小雨的树干流量/率、穿透雨量/率及林冠截留量最低,而大雨和暴雨之间无显著差别(p>0.05);中雨更易在两林龄间产生降雨分配差异。[结论]滇中桉树人工林降雨分配在部分降雨类型间产生差异,与降雨分配特征指标有关;而林龄只对中雨的降雨分配施加影响。[Objective]This study aims to investigate the characteristics of external rainfall,explore different rainfall types,and clarify their impacts on canopy rainfall distribution in ecological public welfare Eucalyptus plantations.The findings provide scientific evidence for forest eco-hydrology research and the scientific evaluation of the ecological and eco-hydrological effects of Eucalyptus plantations.[Methods]Through three years of continuous observation,this study analyzed the external rainfall,throughfall,and stemflow in two Eucalyptus plantations of different ages,located 6 km apart.The results revealed that rainfall type significantly affected the rainfall distribution[.Results](1)During the study period,the total rainfall and distribution were similar in both plantations,regardless of age.Throughfall accounted for the largest proportion(56%~58%),followed by canopy interception(41%~44%),and the stemflow,which was the smallest(0.4%~0.8%).The external rainfall amount,rainfall duration,and the maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity(I_(30))showed the strongest correlation with rainfall distribution for individual rainfall events,with an average correlation coefficient exceeding 0.68.(2)Using clustering methods,external rainfall was categorized into four types:TypeⅠ(moderate rain),TypeⅡ(heavy rain),TypeⅢ(storm),and TypeⅣ(light rain).No significant difference in external rainfall types was observed between the two forest ages(except for typeⅣ).(3)Among the four rainfall types,storm had the lowest lag effect and canopy interception rate.No significant difference was found between moderate rain and heavy rain(p>0.05).Light rain had the lowest stemflow rate/amount,throughfall rate/amount,and canopy interception amount,while no significant difference was observed between heavy rain and storms(p>0.05).Moderate rain was more likely to produce differences in rainfall distribution between the two plantation ages.[Conclusion]The rainfall distribution in the Eucalyptus plantations in central Yunnan varies across some

关 键 词：桉树人工林 降雨类型 降雨分配 滇中高原 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]