半干旱区草原生态环境质量时空变化及其驱动因素研究——以锡林郭勒为例  

Research on the spatiotemporal change of ecological environment quality and its driving factors in semi-arid grasslands——a case study of Xilingol

作　　者：杨霞 乌吉木吉 朝力格尔 Yang Xia;Wujimuji;Chaoligeer(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Key Laboratory of Desert Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration,State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]荒漠生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第3期231-240,共10页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目“锡林郭勒草原区产业布局与土地生态状况协调性研究”(NJSY21459);内蒙古农业大学高层次/优秀博士引进人才科研启动项目“自然资源调查评价与国土空间规划”(NDYB2019-23)。

摘　　要：[目的]准确评估半干旱区草原生态环境质量对我国半干旱区草原的可持续发展具至关重要。[方法]以中国北方典型半干旱草原锡林郭勒盟为研究区,基于谷歌地球引擎,综合绿度、湿度、干度、热度、表土粒度和草地退化6个指标,构建改进型遥感生态指数(MRSEI),并利用一元线性回归、皮尔逊相关性分析和Hurst指数等方法,评估2000—2023年生态环境质量,揭示其时空演变特征及驱动因素。[结果]MRSEI的第1主成分平均贡献率83.5%,特征值均值为0.222,构建的MRSEI能够有效整合多项生态指标,引入的表土粒度和草地退化指标在半干旱草原生态评价中发挥了重要作用。2000—2023年,研究区MRSEI波动范围为0.273~0.395,整体呈轻微改善趋势。其中,中部和东北部典型草原生态环境显著提升,提升面积占62.1%;而沙漠及森林周边草地生态环境有所下降,下降面积占32.9%。未来生态环境可能持续恶化或变化不确定的区域面积占66.3%,需划定生态预警区加强保护。生态环境质量对降水的响应最为敏感,显著相关区域面积占33.8%;气温次之,占8%。人类活动亦对生态环境质量产生了显著影响。[结论]锡林郭勒草原生态环境质量整体上升过程当中,降水量是主要气候驱动因素,气温影响次之,同时人类活动同样具有显著影响。[Objective]Accurate assessment of ecological environment quality in semi-arid grasslands is crucial for their sustainable development in China.[Methods]Using Xilingol League,a typical semi-arid grassland in northern China,as the research area,a modified remote sensing ecological index(MRSEI)based on Google Earth Engine was developed,integrating six indicators:greenness,humidity,dryness,heat,topsoil grain size,and grassland degradation.The ecological environment quality from 2000 to 2023 was evaluated using methods including univariate linear regression,Pearson correlation analysis,and Hurst index,revealing its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving factors.[Results]The average contribution rate of the first principal component of MRSEI was 83.5%,and the average eigenvalue was 0.222.The MRSEI developed in this study effectively integrated multiple ecological indicators,and the indicators of topsoil grain size and grassland degradation played a key role in the ecological assessment of semi-arid grasslands.From 2000 to 2023,the fluctuation range of MRSEI in the study area was 0.273~0.395,indicating a slight overall improvement.Among them,the ecological environment of typical grasslands in the central and northeastern regions significantly improved,representing 62.1%of the area,while the ecological environment of grasslands around the desert and forest deteriorated,affecting 32.9%of the area.Areas where ecological environment may continue to deteriorate or remain uncertain in the future accounted for 66.3%,highlighting the need to designate ecological early warning zones for protection.Ecological environment quality was most sensitive to precipitation,with 33.8%of the area showing significant correlation,followed by temperature,accounting for 8%.Human activities also had a significant impact on ecological environment quality.[Conclusion]During the overall improvement in ecological environment quality of Xilingol grasslands,precipitation is the primary climatic driving factor,followed by temperature.Huma

关 键 词：生态环境质量 改进型遥感生态指数 气候变化 锡林郭勒盟 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]