1990—2020年哈尼梯田水土保持服务功能量化与时空变化特征  

Quantification and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil and water conservation service functions in Hani Terraces from 1990 to 2020

作　　者：刘志林 马祥钰 角媛梅[2] 王磊[1] 韦俊峰 Liu Zhilin;Ma Xiangyu;Jiao Yuanmei;Wang Lei;Wei Junfeng(School of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,Ningxia University,Zhongwei,Ningxia 755000,China;Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;College of History,Culture and Tourism,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学前沿交叉学院,宁夏中卫755000 [2]云南师范大学地理学部,昆明650500 [3]江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第3期312-320,342,共10页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42471131);国家社科资助项目(20XSH022);国家社科资助项目(20BJY202);宁夏回族自治区教育厅高等学校科学研究项目(NYG2024053);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2024BEH04150)。

摘　　要：[目的]系统厘清哈尼梯田过去30年水土保持服务功能的时空演化规律,为遗产保护提供决策依据与科学参考。[方法]以红河哈尼梯田世界文化遗产所在地为研究区,使用InVEST模型,根据降水侵蚀性、土壤可侵蚀性、坡度坡长、植被覆盖和作物管理、水土保持措施等因子与水土保持服务的关系,构建了哈尼梯田水土保持服务量化计算方法,并进行实证研究,刻画哈尼梯田1990—2020年水土保持服务功能的时空变化特征。[结果](1)1990—2020年哈尼梯田区土壤保持量分别为6.04亿,5.17亿,5.37亿,4.34亿,5.00亿,4.37亿,2.08亿t,呈波动变化趋势;(2)以每5年为时间点测得1990—2020年哈尼梯田区的土壤侵蚀量分别为11.93×10^(6),7.68×10^(6),7.69×10^(6),6.18×10^(6),7.00×10^(6),8.86×10^(6),2.89×10^(6) t,总体呈下降趋势;(3)在土壤保持空间特征上,整体呈现出南多北少的空间格局,在土壤侵蚀空间特征上,呈中间高两头低的分布特征;(4)随着我国水土保持措施的不断深入、生态文明建设、生态排头兵等一系列措施的实施,哈尼梯田水土流失面积为下降趋势。[结论]过去30年哈尼梯田的土壤保持量处于波动状态,但总体呈下降趋势;土壤侵蚀量也呈下降趋势。[Objective]This study aims to systematically clarify the spatiotemporal evolution of soil and water conservation service functions in the Hani Terraces over the past 30 years,providing decision-making support and scientific reference for heritage conservation.[Methods]Taking the Honghe Hani Field World Cultural Heritage site as the research area,the InVEST model was applied to quantify soil and water conservation services based on factors such as precipitation erosivity,soil erodibility,slope length and steepness,vegetation coverage,crop management,and conservation measures.Empirical research was conducted to depict the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the soil and water conservation service functions in the Hani Terraces from 1990 to 2020.[Results](1)The amount of soil retention in the Hani Terraces area from 1990 to 2020 fluctuated,with values of 604 million,517 million,537 million,434 million,500 million,437 million,and 208 million tons,respectively.(2)The soil erosion in the Hani Terraces area,measured at 5-year intervals from 1990 to 2020,was 11.93×10^(6),7.68×10^(6),7.69×10^(6),6.18×10^(6),7.00×10^(6),8.86×10^(6),and 2.89×10^(6) t,respectively,showing an overall decreasing trend.(3)The spatial distribution of soil conservation showed more conservation in the south and less in the north,the spatial characteristics of soil erosion are high in the middle and low at both ends.(4)With the deepening of soil and water conservation measures in China and the implementation of ecological policies such as ecological civilization construction and ecological leadership,the soil erosion area of the Hani Terraces has shown a downward trend.[Conclusion]In the past 30 years,soil retention in the Hani Terraces has fluctuated,but generally shows a downward trend.Similarly,soil erosion has also shown a decreasing trend.

关 键 词：水土保持 侵蚀 时空 格局 哈尼梯田 

分 类 号：P964[天文地球—自然地理学]