陕北黄土高原地区生态风险评估及生态修复优先区识别  

Ecological risk assessment and spatial identification of ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：唐阳 王筛妮[1,2] 卫新东 孔德豪[1] 张舒媛 孙硕 Tang Yang;Wang Shaini;Wei Xindong;Kong Dehao;Zhang Shuyuan;Sun Shuo(School of Land Engineering,Chang′a n University,Xi′an 710054,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation Engineering,Xi′an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学土地工程学院,西安710054 [2]陕西省土地整治重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2025年第3期343-350,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划);重点脆弱生态区生态恢复技术集成与应用项目子课题“重点脆弱生态区生态恢复综合效益评估关键指标的遥感监测”(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究陕北黄土高原地区生态风险和修复对于黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展具有重要意义。[方法]基于生态系统服务,采用生态风险评估模型,得出生态风险评估结果;同时基于植被覆盖度,采用Slope+Mann-Kendall趋势检验分析模型,得出植被退化趋势评估结果。将二者结果根据综合指数法,形成陕北黄土高原地区生态修复优先区。[结果](1)2000—2020年陕北黄土高原地区产水量、土壤保持、生境质量和碳固定生态系统服务均呈现增长趋势,单位面积产水量增长率为563.98%;单位面积土壤保持量增长率为54.22%;单位面积生境质量增长率为2%;单位面积碳固定增长率为113.05%。(2)生态风险较高的区域位于西北部的长城沿线风沙滩地。(3)陕北黄土高原地区植被覆盖度呈逐渐增加趋势,植被改善区域占比95.87%,植被退化区域主要位于西北部的长城沿线风沙滩地和南部的黄土丘陵沟壑区。(4)生态修复优先级较高的区域位于定边县、榆阳区、横山区、靖边县,采取防风固沙林带建设、退耕还林还草、盐碱地综合治理等生态修复措施。[结论]陕北长城沿线风沙滩地作为陕北黄土高原地区生态修复优先区域,需加强区域生态保护,采取科学的生态修复措施,保障黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。[Objective]This study explores the ecological risks and restoration of the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi which are important for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.[Methods]Based on ecosystem services,an ecological risk assessment model was used to derive the ecological risk assessment results.Additionally,based on vegetation coverage,the Slope+Mann-Kendall trend analysis model was employed to obtain the vegetation degradation trend assessment results.By integrating these results using the comprehensive index method,the study identified priority areas for ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi.[Results](1)From 2000 to 2020,the ecological services of water yield,soil conservation,habitat quality,and carbon sequestration in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi all exhibited an increasing trend.Growth rates per unit area were 563.98%for water yield,54.22%for soil conservation,2%for habitat quality,and 113.05%for carbon sequestration.(2)Areas with higher ecological risk were located in the northwestern part of the plateau,particularly in the aeolian sand areas near the Great Wall.(3)The vegetation coverage in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi showed a gradual increase,with 95.87%of the area exhibiting vegetation improvement.Vegetation degradation was mainly found in the aeolian sand areas along the Great Wall in the northwestern plateau and the loess hill and gully areas in the southern part.(4)Ecological restoration priority areas were identified in Dingbian County,Yuyang District,Hengshan District and Jingbian County,where ecological restoration measures such as windbreaks and sand-fixing forest belts,returning farmland to forests and grasslands,and comprehensive management of saline-alkali land should be implemented.[Conclusion]The aeolian sand areas along the Great Wall in Northern Shaanxi are identified as key areas for ecological restoration in the Northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau.Strengthening regional ecological protection and adopt

关 键 词：生态修复 生态风险 生态系统服务 植被退化 陕北黄土高原地区 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]