贾湖二孔骨笛的仿制实验与音乐性能初探  

A Preliminary Study on the Replication Experiment and Musical Performance of the Two-Holed Bone Flute from Jiahu

作　　者：陈瑞泉[1] Chen Ruiquan

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学音乐学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《南京艺术学院学报(音乐与表演版)》2025年第1期36-44,I0003,共10页JOURNAL OF NANJING UNIVERSITY OF THE ARTS:Music & Performance

基　　金：2024年教育部人文社会科学研究艺术学规划基金项目“贾湖骨笛的实验音乐考古学研究”(项目编号:24YJA760010)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：河南省舞阳县贾湖遗址自1986年首次发现骨笛,至2013年第八次发掘,共出土骨笛40余支,极大地拓展了史前中华礼乐文明研究。这些骨笛中,二孔骨笛因出土数量较少并未引起学术界的足够关注。采用实验音乐考古学的方法对二孔骨笛进行实物样本仿制实验,并采用“斜吹法”演奏测音,可以发现,二孔仿制笛具有一致的音列结构,且音列结构中以纯四、纯五、纯八度音程为主要特征。进一步试奏分析揭示,二孔骨笛背面的两个笛孔实际上用于辅助激发骨笛倍音列的泛音,并校正因骨管不规则异径导致的倍音列音准失调现象。Since the first discovery of bone flutes at the Jiahu site in Wuyang County,Henan Province,in 1986,over 40 bone flutes have been unearthed during the eighth excavation in 2013,greatly expanding the research on prehistoric Chinese ritual and musical civilization.Among these bone flutes,the two-hole bone flute has not attracted enough attention from the academic community due to its relatively small number of excavations.By employing the method of experimental music archaeology to replicate physical samples of two-hole bone flutes and using the"oblique blowing method"for sound measurement,it can be observed that the replicated two-hole flutes exhibit a consistent pitch structure,characterized primarily by perfect fourths,perfect fifths,and perfect octaves.Further trial playing and analysis reveal that the two holes on the back of the two-hole bone flute are actually used to assist in exciting the overtones of the harmonic series of the bone flute and correct the intonation imbalance of the harmonic series caused by irregular diameter changes in the bone tube.

关 键 词：贾湖遗址 二孔骨笛 仿制实验 音列结构 倍音列泛音 

分 类 号：J609.2[艺术—音乐] K234[历史地理—历史学]