菊花种质资源遗传多样性分析及综合评价  

Genetic diversity and comprehensive evaluation of chrysanthe⁃mum germplasm resources

作　　者：任丽华[1] 高秋美[1] 刘洪冲 米真如 董秋颖 蒲高斌[2] 韩加坤 REN Li-hua;GAO Qiu-mei;LIU Hong-chong;MI Zhen-ru;DONG Qiu-ying;PU Gao-bin;HAN Jia-kun(Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jining,Shandong 272031;Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan,Shandong 250300)

机构地区：[1]济宁市农业科学研究院,山东济宁272031 [2]山东中医药大学,山东济南250300

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2025年第2期462-473,共12页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)项目(2022TZXD0036);山东省现代农业产业技术体系中草药创新团队济宁综合试验站项目(SDAIT-20-09);山东省济宁市重点研发项目(2021ZYNS001)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析不同药用菊花种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性并对其品质指标进行综合评价,为药用菊花种质资源在山东省的适应性研究及药用菊花品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】统计20份药用菊花种质资源的27个主要农艺性状,测定其3个主要药用活性成分(绿原酸、木犀草苷、3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸)含量,并进行遗传多样性分析、主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析。【结果】20份药用菊花种质资源Shannon-Weaver指数(H′)为0.28~3.11;变异系数为11.18%~114.20%,其中二级分枝的H′最高,为3.11;单株花头数的变异系数最高,为114.2%。亳菊中3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸和绿原酸含量均最高,分别为5.230%和1.070%;黄山贡菊中2种药用活性成分含量最低,分别仅为0.240%和0.110%;贵妃菊中木犀草苷含量最高,为1.886%;黄山贡菊和嘉祥野菊花的木犀草苷含量较低,分别为0.082%和0.095%。PCA分析结果显示,前4个主成分累计方差贡献率达84.825%。根据前4个主成分的主要决定性状分别命名为产量因子、外形因子、品质因子和植株因子,综合评价得分前5名的菊花种质资源分别为金丝皇菊、滁菊、婺源皇菊、大板菊和贵妃菊。Q型聚类分析将20份菊花种质资源划分为四大类群,第Ⅰ类群为金丝皇菊,商品性好;第Ⅱ类群花色以白色花为主药用价值较高,第Ⅲ类群以黄色系管状花型为主,产量较高;第Ⅳ类群为嘉祥野菊花,抗逆性好。基于R型相关聚类分析结果,可将不同药用菊花种质资源的27个农艺性状与3个主要药用活性成分含量指标可分为4大类。单株花头数与分枝密度(P<0.001)和冠幅(P<0.01)呈极显著正相关,与二级分枝呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同),绿原酸含量与3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量极显著正相关(P<0.01),与生长习性呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),木犀草苷含量与花序直径、株高、叶片顶生裂片长度呈显著正相关,与花心类�【Objective】The genetic diversity of agronomic traits of different chrysanthemum germplasm resources for medicinal purposes was analyzed and their quality indexes were comprehensively evaluated,which provided theoretical basis for the adaptability study of chrysanthemum germplasm resources for medicinal purposes in Shandong and the bree-ding of chrysanthemum varieties for medicinal purposes.【Method】The 27 main agronomic traits of 20 chrysanthemum germplasm resources for medicinal purposes were analyzed,and the contents of 3 main medicinal active components(primary acid,luteolin,3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid)were determined.The genetic diversity analysis,principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis were performed.【Result】The Shannon-Weaver index(H′)of 20 chrysanthemum germplasm resources for medicinal purposes was 0.28-3.11.The coefficient of variation ranged from 11.18%to 114.20%,and the H'of the secondary branch was the highest(3.11).The coefficient of variation of the number of flower head per plant was the highest(114.2%).The contents of 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid and chlorogenic acid in Bo chrysanthemum were the highest at 5.230%and 1.070%respectively.In contrast,Huangshan Tribute chrysanthemum exhibited the lowest levels of these active ingredients,with respective values of 0.240%and 0.110%.Additionally,the luteolin content was found to be the highest in Guifei chrysanthemum at 1.886%.However,the luteolin content in Huangshan Tribute chrysanthemum and Jiaxiang wild chrysanthemum was notably lower,at 0.082%and 0.095%respectively.The results of PCA analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first 4 principal components reached 84.825%.According to the main determining traits of the first 4 main components,they were named yield factor,shape factor,quality factor and plant factor,and the top 5 germplasm resources in comprehensive evaluation were Golden Silk chrysanthemum,Chuzhou chrysanthemum,Wuyuan chrysanthemum,Daban chrysanthemum and Guifei chrysanthemum.The 2

关 键 词：菊花 遗传多样性分析 综合评价 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]