赫尔德的18个中国故事及在欧洲的传播  

Herder's Eighteen Chinese Stories and Their Spread in Europe

作　　者：李夏菲 Li Xiafei

机构地区：[1]山西大学外国语学院

出　　处：《中国比较文学》2025年第1期143-159,共17页Comparative Literature in China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“18世纪中叶至19世纪中叶德国普遍史的中国书写研究”(编号:22YJCZH088);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目“德国思想家赫尔德的中国书写研究”(编号:2024-026)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1801年,赫尔德开始出版独立撰稿的季刊《阿德剌斯忒亚》。这是赫尔德生命中最后一部作品,他称之为“自白”。赫尔德从大量材料里精心拣选并在季刊第七、八和11期连载了18个中国故事,将之命名为“时下典范”。本文经仔细考证发现,其中八个故事转译自法语和拉丁语文献,10个选自《中华帝国全志》德译本,对应的中国原典则出自春秋战国直至明代的10余部典籍。经赫尔德的介绍,它们在德国和欧洲得到广泛而持久的传播,其中“管仲论社鼠”入选德语国家多种中学教材。赫尔德暮年关注和赞赏中国文化,显示出其中国观的变化。这种变化与他经历18世纪末种种政治与社会动荡之后,追求政治与道德相结合,力求以教育促进人道发展的思想密切相关。In 1801,Herder began publishing his final work,Adrastea,a quarterly magazine entirely authored by himself.Herder selected and serialized eighteen Chinese stories under the name“Exempel der Tage”in the seventh,eighth,and eleventh issues,which he referred to as his“confessions”.After a thorough examination,this study discovered that eight of them were indirectly translated from French and Latin texts,while ten were taken from the German translation of Du Halde’s Description of China.The prototypes of these stories are derived from more than ten Chinese classics that ranged from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Ming Dynasty.After Herder introduced these stories,they spread further throughout Germany and Europe.“The Rat in the Statue”was even included in many German middle school textbooks.In his later years,Herder displayed his preference to Chinese culture,indicating a shift in his perception of China.This transformation is closely linked to his pursuit of the integration of politics and morality after experiencing various political and social upheavals in the late 18th century,as well as his belief in the progress of humanity through education.

关 键 词：赫尔德 中国故事 《阿德剌斯忒亚》 “时下典范” “管仲论社鼠” 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]