电解锰阳极泥中锰、铅、硒资源回收利用现状  

Current Situation of Recovery and Utilization of Manganese,Lead and Selenium from Electrolytic Manganese Anode Slime

作　　者：曾含章 向延鸿[1] 邹秋玲 曹世宇 熊利芝[2] 吴贤文[3] Zeng Hanzhang;Xiang Yanhong;Zou Qiuling;Cao Shiyu;Xiong Lizhi;Wu Xianwen(College of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering,Jishou 416000,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Jishou 416000,China;College of Pharmaceutical Science,Jishou 416000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学物理与机电工程学院,湖南吉首416000 [2]吉首大学药学院,湖南吉首416000 [3]吉首大学化学化工学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《稀有金属》2025年第1期124-139,共16页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52264037);国家大学生创新训练重点项目(202110531002);湖南省青年科技人才(荷尖)项目(2022RC1087)资助。

摘　　要：锰作为一种重要的金属资源,广泛应用于冶金、化工、电池、环保等方面,然而由于技术的局限性和环保意识较弱,电解锰产业在推进工业发展的同时带来了许多环境问题。其中,在湿法冶炼锰的过程中不可避免的会产生一种固体废弃物——电解锰阳极泥,电解锰阳极泥中锰含量高达40%以上,杂质种类繁多,主要有铅、镁、钙、硒等。通过对湘西花垣电解锰阳极泥进行物料分析,发现阳极泥矿物组分与结构复杂,除部分被应用于电解锰再生产的阳极泥外,仍有大量被作为废料堆弃,或少量低价处理,而目前关于阳极泥的回收处理主要集中在锰、铅和硒的回收利用方面。本文综述了从电解锰阳极泥中回收锰、铅、硒的主要方法与机制,关于活化法、还原法、物理法应用于回收利用电解锰阳极泥中的锰元素;湿法与火法祛除与回收阳极泥中的铅元素,讨论了各种方法存在问题与优化策略;并简要综述了关于阳极泥中硒元素的回收。最后,针对上述问题提出了电解锰阳极泥回收利用具有研究前景的可能性方向,并对现有的利用电解锰阳极泥制备锰基储能材料的现状加以综述,以期对电解锰阳极泥的回收利用起到一定的启发作用。As an essential metal resource,manganese is extensively used in mining,chemical industry,battery,environmental defense and other areas.Although the electrolytic manganese process has played an essential role in industrial growth,it has also created many environmental issues due to technological constraints and a lack of environmental consciousness.Electrolytic manganese anode slime is an unavoidable solid refuse product of the manganese wet smelting process.It is the result of a small amount of manganese ions in the electrolyte during the electrolytic manganese production process in the anode discharge to produce manganese dioxide and accumulate on the anode plate,where the manganese content can reach 40%and the lead,magnesium,calcium,and selenium content is also very high.Therefore,electrolytic manganese anode slime is a kind of material with great recovery value.According to the material analysis of electrolytic manganese anode slime in Huayuan County,Hunan Province,it is found that the mineral composition and structure of anode slime are complex and irregular.Therefore,most anode slime is difficult to use and is treated as waste or low price,which not only causes damage to the environment,but also causes a waste of resources.At present,the recovery and treatment of anode slime mainly focus on the recovery and utilization of manganese,lead and selenium.The primary methods and procedures for recovering manganese,lead,and selenium from electrolytic manganese anode slime are described in depth in this article,along with the current issues and development plans for these methods.This paper mainly primarily entailed the recovery of manganese in electrochemical manganese anode slime via activation,reduction,and physical methods.Through roasting,acid leaching,alkali oxidation,crystal form control,and other techniques,the activation process transformed the complicated and inactivated MnOx in the electrolytic manganese anode slime into active MnO_2.However,the activation technique typically necessitated a high-temperatu

关 键 词：电解锰阳极泥 资源回收 锰 铅 硒 

分 类 号：TF802.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]