国家能源安全应急管理体系建设的国际经验及启示  

International experiences in the construction of national energy security emergency management system and enlightenment

作　　者：周淑慧[1] 周玲[2] 郭海涛[1] 宿洁[3] 王军 梁严 ZHOU Shuhui;ZHOU Ling;GUO Haitao;SU Jie;WANG Jun;LIANG Yan(Petro China Planning and Engineering Institute;Beijing Normal University;Central University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]中国石油规划总院 [2]北京师范大学 [3]中央财经大学

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2025年第2期34-45,共12页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：能源应急管理体系建设事关国家能源安全,其发展大致可分为3个阶段:20世纪70年代以前的国家能源安全萌芽期、20世纪70—90年代的能源安全专项应急管理期、2000年以来的能源安全综合应急管理期。美国、德国、日本等国积极推动能源应急管理体系的建设,在“综合安全观”为导向的国家能源安全战略框架下全面谋划能源应急管理,在相对完备的能源立法体系与综合应急法制之上建立起能源应急法律制度,形成由能源与应急两部门共同牵头的双核心式能源综合应急管理机制,能源应急机制同时具备应急管理通用机制与能源供应保障机制的特点。借鉴国际经验,建议中国能源应急管理体系实现能源与应急双核心领域的共同融合,理性务实地选择能源应急管理与供应保障路径,完善能源应急预案体系。The construction of energy emergency management system is crucial to national energy security,which can be roughly divided into three phases:the national energy security germination period before the 1970s,the energy security special emergency management period in the 1970s-90s,and the energy security comprehensive emergency management period since 2000.The United States,Germany,Japan and other countries have actively promoted the construction of energy emergency management system,comprehensively planed energy emergency management in the“comprehensive security concept” oriented national energy security strategy framework;created energy emergency legal system on top of the relatively complete energy legislation system and comprehensive emergency legal system;formed a dual-core comprehensive energy emergency management mechanism led by the two departments of energy and emergency response.The energy emergency response mechanism has the characteristics of both a general emergency management mechanism and an energy supply guarantee mechanism.Drawing on international experiences,it is suggested that the construction of China's energy emergency management system integrate the dual-core fields of energy and emergency response,rationally and pragmatically choose the path of energy emergency management and supply guarantee,and improve the energy emergency planning system.

关 键 词：能源安全 应急管理 国家安全 国际经验 

分 类 号：F402[经济管理—产业经济] F407.2