锌离子混合电容器正极用稻壳/煤沥青基分级多孔碳  

Rice husk/coal tar pitch based hierarchical porous carbons as the cathode of zinc ion hybrid capacitors

作　　者：彭国栋 朱傲阳 朱怡全 李勇 何孝军[1] PENG Guodong;ZHU Aoyang;ZHU Yiquan;LI Yong;HE Xiaojun(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Maanshan 243002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学化学与化工学院,安徽马鞍山243002

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2025年第1期86-94,共9页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52372037,52072002);安徽省高等学校优秀科研创新团队计划资助项目(2023AH010015)。

摘　　要：锌离子混合电容器(ZHCs)因其低成本、高安全性和长循环稳定性等众多优势而受到研究者越来越多的关注。然而,尽管ZHCs有这些优势,它的发展仍然处于早期阶段,面临一系列挑战,例如,电极枝晶的生长以及能量密度仍不尽人意。因此,开发合理匹配的电极材料极为关键。多孔碳材料具有价格低廉、孔隙率高、性能稳定等优点,成为ZHCs潜在的正极材料之一。然而,传统的多孔碳材料低的电导率和不合适的孔径分布,限制了其在ZHCs中的应用。通过原料选取和结构设计有望解决上述问题。以稻壳和煤沥青为碳源,采用KCl、MgO双模板耦合K_(2)CO_(3)活化法制备了稻壳/煤沥青基分级多孔碳材料(HPC/RHC_(x))。制得的HPC/RHC_(6)具有互相连接的纳米囊状结构、较大的比表面积(1234 m^(2)/g)和层次孔结构。当作为ZHCs的正极材料时,HPC/RHC_(6)展现了优异的储锌性能,在0.1 A/g的电流密度下,HPC/RHC_(6)的比容量达125.3 mA·h/g、在115.4 W/kg的功率密度下,能量密度为92.4 W·h/kg,且在5 A/g的电流密度下经过10000次循环充放电后,容量保持率为99.9%,展现了优异的循环稳定性。Zinc-ion hybrid capacitors(ZHCs)have attracted increasing attention due to their advantages such as low cost,improved safety and long-term cycling stability.However,despite these advantages,the development of ZHCs is still in its early stages and faces a number of challenges,such as the growth of electrode dendrites and the energy density is still unsatisfactory.Therefore,it is extremely crucial to develop reasonably matched electrode materials.Porous carbon materials have become one of the most potential cathode materials for ZHCs because of the advantages of low price,high porosity and stable performance.However,the low conductivity and inappropriate pore size distribution of traditional porous carbon materials limit their application in ZHCs.It is hoped that the problems can be tackled through the selection of raw materials and structure design.Herein,the hierarchical porous carbons(HPC/RHC_(x))were prepared from rice husk and coal tar pitch using double template of KCl and MgO coupled with K_(2)CO_(3)activation strategy.The HPC/RHC_(6)features interconnected nanocapsule-like structure,large specific surface area(1234 m^(2)/g)and hierarchical pore structure.As the cathode material of ZHCs,HPC/RHC_(6)exhibits excellent zinc storage performance.At the current density of 0.1 A/g,the specific capacity of HPC/RHC_(6)reaches 125.3 mA·h/g,and at the power density of 115.4 W/kg,the energy density is 92.4 W·h/kg.After 10000 cycles of charge and discharge at a current density of 5 A/g,the capacity retention is 99.9%,showing excellent cycle stability.

关 键 词：锌离子混合电容器 正极材料 煤沥青 多孔碳 储锌性能 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]