我国医院床位配置状况及利用效率研究  

Research on the bed allocation status and utilization efficiency of hospital in China

作　　者：鲜国炜 陈琳月 宫云娜 何文凤 张晓林 马春晓 张晶 马勇 XIAN Guowei;CHEN Linyue;GONG Yunna;HE Wenfeng;ZHANG Xiaolin;MA Chunxiao;ZHANG Jing;MA Yong(School of Management,Shandong Second Medical University,Shandong 261053 China;Zengjia Town Primary School,Chaotian District,Guangyuan City)

机构地区：[1]山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东261053 [2]广元市朝天区曾家镇第一小学

出　　处：《护理研究》2025年第6期954-957,共4页Chinese Nursing Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目,编号:20CFX017;教育部人文社会科学基金项目,编号:21YJC820050;四川医事卫生法治研究中心-中国卫生法学会联合项目,编号:YF23-Y07。

摘　　要：目的:分析我国不同类型医院的床位配置状况及利用效率。方法:以《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》作为数据来源,运用床位效率指数和床位利用模型评估2012—2021年我国不同类型医院的床位配置状况及利用效率。结果:2012—2021年我国医院床位数不断增多,从床位效率指数来看,综合医院、中医医院、中西医结合医院、民族医院、专科医院、护理院的床位效率指数均<1,为低效率运行状况。从床位利用模型来看,综合医院为效率型;2017、2018、2021年中医医院为压床型,2020年为效率型,其余年份均为闲置型;中西医结合医院、民族医院、护理院均为闲置型;2020—2021年专科医院为压床型,其余年份为闲置型。结论:我国医院的床位数总量不断增多,但不能满足人民群众的实际卫生服务需求,仍需合理控制我国不同类型医院的床位规模,提升我国不同类型医院床位的运行效率,对我国不同类型医院的床位管理应各有侧重。Objective:To analyze the bed allocation status and the utilization efficiency of different types of hospitals in China.Methods:China Health Statistics Yearbook was used as data source.The bed allocation status and utilization efficiency of different types of hospitals in China from 2012 to 2021 were evaluated by bed efficiency index and the bed utilization model.Results:The total number of hospital beds in China from 2012 to 2021 increased continuously.From the perspective of bed efficiency index,the bed efficiency index of general hospitals,Chinese medicine hospitals,combined Chinese and Western medicine hospitals,ethnic hospitals,specialized hospitals,and nursing homes in China were all less than 1,which was an inefficient operation condition.From the perspective of bed utilization model,general hospitals were efficient.Chinese medicine hospitals were bed-pressing in 2017,2018 and 2021,efficient in 2020,and idle in the rest of the years.Combined Chinese and Western medicine hospitals,ethnic hospitals,and nursing homes were idle.Specialty hospitals were bed-pressing in 2020 and 2021,and idle in the rest of the years.Conclusions:The total number of hospital beds in China has been growing,but it still can′t meet the people′s actual demand for health services.It is necessary to reasonably control the bed scale of different types of hospitals in China,improve the beds operational efficiency of different types of hospital in China,and focus on the beds management of different types of hospitals in China.

关 键 词：医院 床位配置 利用效率 床位效率指数 床位利用模型 护理管理 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]