青海草原毛虫(海北州)生物学特性初步研究  

Preliminary Study on the Biological Characteristics of Gynaephora qinghaiensis(Haibei Prefecture)

作　　者：李静玲 阮小玉 李美琪 刘思雨 李秋荣 孙浩 秦明岗 来有鹏 LI Jingling;RUAN Xiaoyu;LI Meiqi;LIU Siyu;LI Qiurong;SUN Hao;QIN Minggang;LAI Youpeng(Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Agricultural Pests,Qinghai Proviney,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省农业有害生物综合治理重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海农林科技》2025年第1期31-39,共9页Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry

基　　金：青海省科技厅重点研发与转化项目(2023-NK-152);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1401102)。

摘　　要：为了明确青海草原毛虫的羽化行为、生活史、成虫寿命等生物学特性,采用室内饲养和室外观察的方法进行生物特性研究。结果表明:青海草原毛虫的老熟幼虫在室内条件下,于7月上旬和下旬达到化蛹的高峰期,而成虫的羽化高峰期则出现在7月下旬;该虫属于完全变态昆虫,其生命周期包括卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫四个阶段,并且在青海省一年内仅完成一代;此外,无论是在无食物喂养(对照组)、仅喂清水,还是喂食10%蜂蜜水的情况下,青海草原毛虫雄性成虫的寿命均未有显著性差异。在采集的15853头青海草原毛虫幼虫中,仅有13.28%成功化蛹,化蛹后的雌雄性比为1∶1.28;此外,从1628个青海草原毛虫蛹中观察到的成虫羽化率为53.07%,羽化后的雌雄成虫性比为1∶1;青海草原毛虫在青海省每年仅发生一代,即便补充营养也无法延长青海草原毛虫雄性成虫的寿命。通过对青海草原毛虫的生物学特性研究,以期为青海草原毛虫在室内饲养提供一定的参考依据。In order to clarify the biological characteristics of Gynaephora qinghaiensis,such as emergence behavior,life history and adult longevity,the biological characteristics were studied by indoor feeding and outdoor observation.The results showed that the mature larvae of G.qinghaiensis reached the peak of pupation in early and late July under indoor conditions,while the peak of adult emergence appeared in late July.The G.qinghaiensis was a holometabolous insect,and its life cycle included four stages:egg,larva,pupa and adult,and only one generation was completed in Qinghai Province within one year.In addition,there was no significant difference in the longevity of male adults of G.qinghaiensis under the condition of no food feeding(control group),only water feeding,or 10%honey water feeding.Only 13.28%of the 15853 larvae of G.qinghaiensis were successfully pupated,and the ratio of male to female after pupation was 1∶1.28.In addition,the adult eclosion rate observed from 1628 pupae of G.qinghaiensis was 53.07%,and the sex ratio of male and female adults after eclosion was 1∶1.G.qinghaiensis occurs only one generation per year in Qinghai Province,and even supplemental nutrition cannot prolong the life span of male adults of G.qinghaiensis.The biological characteristics of G.qinghaiensis were studied in order to provide some reference for indoor breeding of G.qinghaiensis.

关 键 词：青海草原毛虫 生物学特性 羽化 寿命 

分 类 号：S433.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]