青海地区野生藏茴香种质特性探究  

Exploration of Germplasm Characteristics of Wild Carum Carvi L.in QingHai Region

作　　者：郑铭贤 朱惠琴[1] ZHENG Mingxian;ZHU Huiqin(Qinghai University,College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Xining Qinghai 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海农林科技》2025年第1期48-55,共8页Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160092)。

摘　　要：为了解青海地区野生藏茴香的遗传差异,从表型层面探究其遗传特点和亲缘关系。本研究对青海周边38个不同群体的野生藏茴香的表型性状和种子特性进行分析,并综合评价种子特性。结果表明:表型性状的变异系数均大于10%,遗传多样性指数H′平均为1.86,6个表型性状间有不同程度的相关性;主成分分析将6个表型性状缩减为2个因子,在欧式距离为20.0处,依据表型性状可将38份种质分为4类。种子形态的变异系数在3.49%~30.70%间,遗传多样性指数H′平均为1.74;根据主成分分析的结果构建综合评价函数对38份种质进行评价,其中编号为QX03、QG23、Q02、QH22、QG25和QX06藏茴香种质的食用和精油用综合表现最好。青海地区不同居群的藏茴香植株的形态和种子存在明显差异,具有巨大的变异潜力和广阔的育种基础,为藏茴香种质资源收集保存、研究、保护、科学利用提供参考。In order to understand the genetic differences of wild Carum carvi in Qinghai region,the genetic characteristics and genetic relationship of wild Carum carvi in Qinghai were explored from the phenotypic level.In this study,the phenotypic traits and seed characteristics of wild Carum carvi from 38 different populations around Qinghai were analyzed,and the seed characteristics were comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of phenotypic traits was greater than 10%.The average genetic diversity index H′was 1.86.There were different degrees of correlation among the six phenotypic traits.Principal component analysis reduced the 6 phenotypic traits to 2 factors.At the Euclidean distance of 20.0,38 germplasms could be divided into 4 categories according to phenotypic traits.The coefficient of variation of seed morphology was 3.49%~30.70%.The average genetic diversity index H′was 1.74.According to the results of principal component analysis,a comprehensive evaluation function was constructed to evaluate 38 germplasms.Among them,QX03,QG23,Q02,QH22,QG25 and QX06 Carum carvi germplasm had the best comprehensive performance in edible and essential oils.There are obvious differences in the morphology and seeds of Carum carvi plants in different populations in Qinghai area,which has great potential for variation and broad breeding foundation,which provides a reference for the collection,preservation,research,protection and scientific utilization of Carum carvi germplasm resources.

关 键 词：藏茴香 表型性状 种子特性 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S649[农业科学—蔬菜学]